SMAD 150-Final Exam JMU
Hypodermic Needle (1920s and 30s) - ANS-Mass media messages have strong and
more or less universal effects on audiences.
Limited Effects (1940s and 50s) - ANS-Mass media are simply one of many
determinants of how people think or behave. Media principally reinforce existing beliefs.
Specific Effects (1960s to present) - ANS-Media compete with or complement many
other variables. Under some circumstances specific types of media content may have
significant effects on certain members of the audience.
A 1982 Surgeon General's report - ANS-"The totality of evidence supports the
conclusions of the causal relationship between televised violence and later aggressive
behavior."
Modeling - ANS-efficient way to learn behaviors, don't have to experience things
personally or directly, we can learn by observing.
Observational learning - ANS-the term used to describe the things you learn by
watching others who model it
Inhibition - ANS-if a model behavior is punished it may restrain us from doing the model
behavior
disinhibition - ANS-we may be encouraged by someone getting praised for violence and
be more likely to do the same thing
Cultivation - ANS-The process by which media shape our view of the world and cultivate
our widely shared conceptions of reality.
Heavy viewers - ANS-have a heightened perception of personal danger and risk,
greater insecurity
Light Viewers - ANS-have a less heightened perception of personal danger and risk
Mean World Syndrome - ANS-the idea that heavy viewers of media have a heightened
perception of personal danger and risk, mistrust and greater insecurity
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