Exam (elaborations)
Final Exam Review Nurs 6531 Deck 1.
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- 6521 Advanced Pharmacology Final
Final Exam Review Nurs 6531 Deck 1.
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Final Exam Review Nurs 6531 Deck 1What are signs & symptoms of SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone)? - ANS-Increased production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone), hyponatremia,
concentrated urine (from excess water resorption), elevated urine osmolality, mental
status changes from cerebral edema.
Diabetes insipidus is associated with what sodium level? - ANS-Hypernatremia
Psychogenic polydipsia results in urine that is: - ANS-diluted with low osmolality and
hyponatremia
How would you determine the cause of a patient's AKI who presents with decreased
urine output, history of neurogenic bladder, chronic foley, dark urine, and Cr increase
from 1.3 to 2.1 over 3 months? - ANS-Flush the foley catheter to see if urine comes out
and assess the patency of the catheter. This action will unblock clogged sediment or
biofilm from chronic bacteriuria.
When a female patient presents to the ER after sexual assault, what medications should
be offered prior to discharge? - ANS-Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Plan B, and
Metronidazole.
Manifestations of Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)? - ANS-hypernatremia,
hypokalemia, and hypertension
What causes Cushing syndrome? - ANS-Increased levels of glucocorticoids, can be
exogenous (from therapy) or endogenous (from adenoma or neoplasm).
Manifestations of Cushing syndrome? - ANS-hypertension, truncal obesity,
osteoporosis, skin fragility, and hyperglycemia.
What differentiates primary adrenocortical insufficiency from secondary adrenocortical
insufficiency? - ANS-Skin hyperpigmentation is present in primary adrenocortical
insufficiency
What is Trousseau's sign? - ANS-A carpal spasm elicited by compression of the upper
arm with a BP cuff that indicates hypocalcemia.
, What is Chovstek's sign? - ANS-A hemifacial tic that is induced by tapping the facial
nerve below the maxilla that indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Babinski's sign? - ANS-An upward response (extension) of the hallux when the
sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. Can identify spinal cord disease in
adults.
What is Romberg's sign? - ANS-Loss of balance in standing when eyes are closed.
Usually indicating a loss of proprioception or lesion in the cerebellum.
What is Homan's sign? - ANS-pain on passive dorsiflexion of ankle, associated with
DVT.
What is the clinical presentation of Goodpasture's syndrome? - ANS-Urinalysis: Specific
gravity: 1.020. pH 5.5, 1+ albumin and large blood present.
Chest XR positive for bilateral diffuse infiltrates.
BUN 30, Cr 3.0
Symptoms: dyspnea with hemoptysis
What is Goodpasture syndrome? - ANS-Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular
basement membranes by cytotoxic antibody.
Initial treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome? - ANS-Hospitalization, pulse dose of
steroids, begin plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide therapy.
Characteristics of Grave's disease - ANS-Ophthalmopathy (lid retraction, scleral show,
proptosis) and hyperthyroidism
What organism causes the formation of a staghorn calculus? - ANS-Proteus mirabilus
What organism causes Toxic shock syndrome? - ANS-Staphylococcus aureus
What electrolyte disturbance is most likely to lead to tetany and neuromuscular
irritability? - ANS-Hypocalcemia
Features of hypercalcemia include? - ANS-"Stones, groans, moans, and bones."
Delerium and renal stones
When you see hypochloremia, the patient may have? - ANS-Metabolic Alkalosis
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