Exam (elaborations)
Flat World Chapter 21 Lipids
- Module
- BIOL 235 final Exam
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- BIOL 235 Final Exam
Flat World Chapter 21 Lipids
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Flat World Chapter 21 LipidsBiochemistry consists of what macro molecules? - ANS-Carbohydrates (immediate
energy)
Lipids (long-term energy, storage)
Proteins (various functions in the body)
Nucleic Acid (DNA/blueprint)
Trans fat - ANS-low-density lipoproteins = the bad fat = increases bad cholesterol intake
= increased risk of heart disease.
fatty acids - ANS-carboxylic acid = structural component of fats/oils
1. Always even number of carbon atoms (# carbons from R + C from COOH group)
Classified into 2 groups:
- Saturated C-C (single bonds)
- Unsaturated C=C (double bonds)
hydroxy group - ANS--OH (alcohol)
aldyhyde group - ANS-O
||
R-C-H
Ketone Group - ANS-O
||
R-C-R
carboxylic acid functional group - ANS-(R-COOH )
O
||
R - C - OH
saturated fatty acid - ANS-C-C ONLY.
(fun fact: maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon
skeleton)
monounsaturated fatty acid - ANS-one double bond (C=C)
, polyunsaturated fatty acids - ANS-Fatty acid that has two or more carbon double bonds.
(C=C)
Hydrogenation - ANS-The process of converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by
adding hydrogen (removes double bonds)
Essential fatty acids - ANS-fatty acid that can only be obtained through eating b/c the
body can't produce it
ie. polyunsaturated fatty acids—linoleic and α-linolenic acids (required for normal
growth)
Properties of saturated fatty acids - ANS-solid @ room temperature.
(high melting point/can be closely packed together b/c it is straight)
C-C only
form is completely straight
mostly found in animal fats.
Properties of unsaturated fatty acids - ANS--have "kink" in the fatty acid chains (from
cis- C=C)
-do NOT pack closely
-few attractions between chains
-have low melting points => oils (liquids) @ room temperature
-usually from plants
Waxes - ANS-A type of lipid molecule = ESTERS
Synthesis of one fatty acid linked to a long chain of alcohol
O
||
R-C-O-R
functions: waterproof coating on many biological surfaces such as apples and other
fruits.
Dehydration synthesis - ANS-A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded
together with the removal of a water molecule.
Ester - ANS-O O
|| ||
R - C - OH + HO-R = R - C -O - R + H2O
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