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Summary China's Society Thematic Study

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China's Society . Thematic Study of the society split into the society under the Qing, the Republic, Mao and Deng. The OCR A Level China paper has two 25 markers which should be structured thematically so the course should be studied thematically rather than chronologically.

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  • June 15, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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Society in China
Potential Subthemes
 Women
 Peasantry
 Middle Class
 Family Structure
 Land
 Living standards
 Education
 Medical Care
Society in China under Manchu rule
 Population of 300 million, 95% Han Chinese.
 Majority of population peasantry working in agriculture.
 Society hierarchical, based on Confucianist obedience to authority.
 Small middle class comprised of primarily landlords and lower rank officials.
 Small class of elite officials – Mandarins – PRC officials would later mirror their role
and authority.
Confucianism
 Deference to authority figures.
 Child to parent, wife to husband, people to authority – e.g. emperor
 1000s of years old philosophy that China’s society was based around.
The Role of Women
 Strict patriarchal society, reinforced by Confucianism.
 Denied formal education.
 Role considered a domestic one.
 Forced and arranged marriages were prolific, as were bride prices. Mao’s subjection
to this system was key in his reforms under his regime.
 Foot-binding was a notorious practice used to make girls more attractive to potential
suitors as small feet were deemed erotic.
Rural Society
 The majority of population were peasants who rented land on which they worked.
 Peasant and landowner resembled outlawed feudal system.
 Famines were common, due to things like flooding and a lack of agricultural
development – leading millions to die from starvation over the period.
Social Changes in the later Manchu period
 The self-strengthening movement 1861-1895 led to some reform that impacted
Chinese Society.
 Economic reform like the establishment of joint-stock companies, opening of
factories and the encouragement of foreign commerce arrangement led to the
growth of a new middle class.
o Made up of urban based businessmen, merchants, entrepreneurs etc
o Numbered 1.5 million by 1900.
o Urban based unlike the previous small rural gentry.
The Boxers
 Boxer Uprising 1898-1900
 Boxer movement comprised of:

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