PHIL 347 FINAL Exam With Correct Verified Answers.
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Module
MINNESOTA.
Institution
MINNESOTA.
Omnipotence - correct answer - God can do anything that is intrinsically (non-contradictory) possible for God to do
Omniscience - correct answer - God knows the future
- God is immutable, so foreknowle...
Omnipotence - correct answer - God can do anything that is intrinsically (non-
contradictory) possible for God to do
Omniscience - correct answer - God knows the future
- God is immutable, so foreknowledge is nonexistent
> *obj*: God would "change his mind" depending on what an agent chooses to do
The Kalam Cosmological Argument - correct answer (1) everything that begins
to exist has a *cause*
(2) the universe began to exist
> the number of past events is continuously augmented, so not infinite, so there is a *beginning*
(3) so, the universe has a cause that is *distinct from itself*
Why is the cause from the cosmological personal? - correct answer (4) a cause
is either *mechanical* or *personal*
(5) mechanical entails order and laws of nature, which did NOT exist *before* the universe
(6) the universe then must have a *distinct, personal* cause
(7) so, the universe has a cause that is *distinct from itself*
W.L. Craig on the Kalam Argument - correct answer - the Big Bang model
predicts the absolute beginning of the universe, which gives evidence for this argument
> further support f. Second Law of Thermodynamics
"Possibility" objections to Kalam - correct answer - *obj 1*: anything
conceivable is possible, x starting to exist w/o a cause included
- *obj 2*: anything that is non-contradictory is possible, x starting to exist w/o a cause included
, Counter-objection to Kalam "possibility" objection - correct answer - it is NOT
evident that conceivability or consistency imply possibility
Quantum objection to Kalam - correct answer - subatomic particles have been
observed to appear w/o observed causes in vacuums
> things can begin to exist w/o a cause
Quantum objection counter - correct answer - an absence of an observed
cause is NOT the same as absence of a *real cause*
Kraal's objections to Kalam - correct answer - "everything that begins to exist
must has a cause distinct f. itself" does NOT mean a creator, instead:
> multiple, simultaneous causes
> a cause distinct f. *our universe*
> a cause not of "omni-nature"
The "First Cause" Cosmological Argument - correct answer (1) there are
*effects* in the world
(2) every effect has a *preexisting, distinct* cause
(3) these causes and effects may form a *series*
(4) this series must *terminate* w/ an ultimate cause
(5) this ultimate cause is God, aka the *first* cause
Assumption with the First Cause Argument - correct answer - there is always a
*complete explanation,* meaning that x can be explained to the extent it provides a terminating cause,
for a given effect (PSR)
The "Sufficient Reason" Cosmological Argument - correct answer (1) there are
*contingent* SoAs
(2) every *contingent* SoA depends on a prior SoAs
(3) these may form a *series* together
(4) this series must terminate w/ a *necessary* SoAs as it requires to a complete answer to "why"
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