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Summary Chapter 1 changes in healthcare of medicine
Notes on chapter 1 about changes in health and medicine for GCSE history of medicine
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Cause of IllnessMEDIEVAL
Poverty
o Most people in medieval England depended on their fields for food
o Bad harvest= hunger/ starvation, good harvest= plenty to eat/ sell to
those living in towns
o 1300= 4.75m, largest ever. 30 years of good harvest
o 25% of rural families had enough money to support there families
o 40% of rural families had enough money to buy their own food
o As landowners started to enclose more land for sheep. Much more money
from sheep/ wool trade
o People lived on poverty line, eating bread, porridge. Penalties for poor
were severe
o Child morality= high.
o Malnutrition for many even in a good year
Famine
o 1069 soldiers ploughed salt into grounds so crops would no longer –
thousands died resulting in famine
o In 1315- 17, torrential rain ruined plants and harvest for 3 years
o Poor harvests worsened by death of animals from disease and a shortage
of food
o Meat not preserved, salt = too expensive
o 10-15% of England’s population died during famine. Cannibalism, children
abandoned by parents.
Medieval warfare
o Epidemic killed many healthy males in Viking army in 873-74.
o Armies in 1272- 1307 had 10,000 casualties, 30,000 injured with wars
between Wales and Scotland
o Battle of Touton, in 1461 an estimated 22,000-28,000 killed fighting
o Wars very dangerous if you lived near.
o Armies would burn your house down or steal your crops = famine
Accidental deaths
o Common/ fatal
Hygiene
o Over crowding/ spreading diseases.
Poor sanitation
o Putting head in a bucket of urine to stop other disgusting smell, Miasma
o People used streams as toilets and people drank from streams
, o Raw meat next to other things they ate
o Use to dump waste+ old beer+ dead animals = out of the window
o People making up their own fake remedies
Dirty Water
o Wells for drinking water were often close to cesspools for dumping sewage
o Sewage water supplied city water
VS what they thought caused disease
o God sending these miasmas and disease to punish them
o Fate causing disease
o Believed it was the planets
o The people
The Black death- 1347
1/3 to ½ of pop dead
Kept coming back every 15-20 years
What caused it
o Rats with flees
o Travel
o Bad hygiene
o Close contact
What they thought caused it
o God
o Bad smells
o Planet being in a certain ornament
o Cats and dogs
o Standing next to someone who had it
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