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Chapter 4 advances in medical knowledge gcse medicine
Chapter 4 for medicine WJEC gcse about advances in medical knowledge from each era
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Advances in Medical KnowledgeMEDIEVAL
Air- Warm/moist-spring
Fire-Hot/dry-Summer
Earth-Cold/dry-Autum
Water-Cold/wet-Winter
Zodiac Charts
Astrology
Birth signs
Alchemy and Astrology
- Turn base elements into Gold
- 1st to produce hydrochloric acid + nitric Acid
- Paved way for new science and chem
- Movement of stars influenced personalities
- By the end of 1500s required by law to calculate the position as the moon
before medical procedures
- Medicines + surgery only safe at the correct time of the month
The church
- Church thought God sent us diseases. God controlled all aspects of life
- God sent Black Death to punish them for sins
- So if God sent diseases this meant that there was no need to look for other
causes
- Do not challenge the Bible
- If they challenged the Bible they would go to hell
- Supported ideas of Galen. Galen had not been a Christian but he had said
that the body had been created by one God who made all parts of the
body fit together
Education
-Influence about Church, so they just learnt about Galen
- Dissections were carried out to show the Galen was correct about anatomy
so they believed him
- Everyone who could get educated believed in Galens theory because the
church influenced education
, Early modern/ Renaissance
How did Medicine advance during the Renaissance
- Age of art/painting
- France
People believed in Galen because church backed him up but now they are
starting to get away from this idea
Vesalius - 1514
- Big in dissecting people
- He believes Galen is wrong as it does not add up
- Became professor at surgery at Padua
- Showed that Galen was wrong in some important details of anatomy
- He believed that this was because Galen had to rely on dissecting animals
- Said it was vital doctors dissect on human bodies to find out human
structure and how it works
- Wrote a book The Fabric of the Human Body
- The artists drawings were so good he put them together in an atlas of the
human body to help students, he had to do more dissections to check the
photos were correct
- Most didn’t believe Vesalius, most of his work showed Galen was right but
doctors were trained to believe Galen was right about everything
- Galen was wrong about the human jaw bone, he said the lower jaw is
made up of 2 pieces but it isn’t
- Offered job as doctor to the emperor Charles V in Spain. Well paid.
Pare- 1510
- A surgeon who is a battlefield doctor
- Creates prosthetics
- Pare discovered that wounds healed more quickly if boiling oil was not
used.
- He put bandages on wounds
- He stopped cauterising wounds
- Instead he tied the ends of arteries using silk thread
- Had ben in French army for a small time
- Pare had never dealt with gunshot wounds before, although he knew how
to treat them
- Read “Of Wounds in General”
- Only way to stop poison from infecting the whole leg was to apply boiling
oil
- But then oils runs out
- Next day soldiers with the oil in extreme pain, very red, he never used
again
- Believed ligatures had been sent by God to save people from pain, but
others didn’t agree
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