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NFDN 1002 Final
Exam of 24 pages for the course NFDN 1002 at NFDN 1002 (NFDN 1002 Final)
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NFDN 1002 FinalAssessment of urine - ✅✅--Intake and output
Characteristics of urine - ✅✅-Color: Pale-straw to amber color
Clarity: Transparent unless pathology is present
Odor: Ammonia in nature
✅✅-Specimen collection
Urine testing -
How does age affect elimination - ✅✅--decreased ability to concentrate urine
-decreased bladder muscle tone
-decreased bladder contractility
-neuromuscular; degenerative joint problems; thought processes; weakness
-male prostate increase in size
Factors influencing elimination - ✅✅ --cultural and psychosocial
-lifestyle
-body fluid loss (diarrhea, vomiting, sweating, wound drainage, burns, blood loss)
-muscle tone (abdominal and pelvic floor muscles, immobility, obesity, multiple
pregnancies)
-indwelling catheter (loss of bladder tone)
-UTIs, diabetes, kidney stones, arthritis, Parkinson's disease, shock, hypertension
-medications (diuretics, narcotics)
Dysuria - ✅✅-painful urination
Polyuria - ✅✅-Voiding large amounts of urine
Oliguria - ✅✅-Decreased urine output
Hematuria - ✅✅-blood in the urine
Culture urine specimen - ✅✅-urine is collected to assess which bacteria organism
is present
Sensitivity urine specimen - ✅✅-Determines what antibiotic the bacteria is
sensitive to
Cystoscopy - ✅✅ --invasive procedure
-visualize bladder and urethra
-commonly performed (with general anaesthesia or conscious sedation)
,Barium swallow - ✅✅ --test that may be used to determine the cause of painful
swallowing, difficulty swallowing, abdominal pain, blood stained vomit, or
unexplained weightloss
-a chemical compound that shows up on x-rays and is used to help see
abnormalities int he esophagus and stomach
Barium enema - ✅✅ --an x-ray exam that can detect changes or abnormalities in
the large intestine (colon)
-the procedure is also called a colon x-ray
-it is the injection of a liquid into your rectum via a small tube
indwelling catheter - ✅✅--drains urine from the bladder into a bag
-has an inflated balloon
Common reasons for indwelling catheter use - ✅✅-incontinence
urinary retention
surgery
intermittent catheter - ✅✅ -short-term catheter, inserted as needed several times a
day to drain urine from the bladder
Coude catheter tip -✅✅-angled tip
suprapubic catheter - ✅✅-surgically placed through abdominal wall into bladder
Condom catheter - ✅✅--non indwelling
-low risk for infection
-aids in controlling incontinence
-controls odour
what is required for catheter care - ✅✅--pre catheter insertion
-routine perineal care
-institution specific- catheter care TID
-after BMS/Bowel incontinence
-recommend high fluid intake
factors that affect bowel elimination - ✅✅--age related changes
-physical activity
-pregnancy
-medications
-pain
-diagnostic examinations
-anaesthesia and surgery
-personal habits
, -psychological and pathological conditions
Elimination issues - ✅✅--constipation
-impaction
-diarrhea
-incontinence
-flatulence
-hemorrhoids
cause for fecal impaction - ✅✅--collection of hardened stool in the rectum
-severe cause-extend to sigmoid colon
✅✅--debilitated, confused, unconscious
risk for fecal impaction -
signs and symptoms of fecal impaction - ✅✅--no BM for many days
-continuous oozing of diarrhea stool
paralytic ileus -✅✅ --obstruction of the intestine due to paralysis of the intestinal
muscles
-the paralysis does not need to be complete to cause ileus, but the intestinal muscles
must be so inactive that it prevents the passage of food and leads to a functional
blockage of the intestines
Bristol stool chart -✅✅ -Medical aid to classify stool. Types 1 and 2 indicate
constipation, Types 3 and 4 indicate ideal stools, Types 5, 6 and 7 indicate diarrhea.
Always look at your own stool. It is important to know what your normal is and what
should be normal.
interventions to promote elimination - ✅✅--medications (laxatives and cathartics)
-diet
-physical activity
-bowel restraining
purpose of enemas - ✅✅ -instillation of fluid in the rectum/sigmoid colon to promote
defeacation by stimulating peristalsis
types of enemas - ✅✅-tap water
saline
hypertonic solutions
soapsuds
medicated enemas
oil retention
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