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DAT Biology. Questions with 100% correct answers _ verified
DAT Biology. Questions with 100% correct answers _ verified
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DAT BiologyCarotenoids - ✅✅ -lipid derivatives, produce pigments in plants and animals , An
accessory pigment, either yellow or orange, in the chloroplasts of plants. By
absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot, carotenoids broaden the
spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.
Porphyrins - ✅✅ -lipid derivatives, a group of light-sensitive, pigmented, ringed
chemical structures that are required for the synthesis of hemoglobin. Complexed
with metals usch as iron in hemoglobin and chlorophyll with Mg
Can H20 and hydrocarbons pass freely across membrane? - ✅✅-yes (small,
uncharged, non-polar, hydrophobic can pass)
Porins - ✅✅ -allow passage of certain ions and small polar molecules such as
aquaporins in kidneys for H20
Rough ER -✅✅-protein synthesis, creates glycoproteins for secretion
Smooth ER - ✅✅-synthesis of hormones, lipids, breakdown of toxins and drugs in
liver
✅✅-transport of material in cytoplasm (steaming movement)
cyclosis -
Peroxiomes - ✅✅-breakdown of H2O2, fatty acids, AA. In liver and kidneys to
break down toxins, by-products of photorespiration in plants
Centrioles - ✅✅ -two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near
the nuclear envelope; play a role in cell division. Are microtubles (MTOCs)
Storage vocuoles - ✅✅-store starch, pigments, toxic substances (nicotine) in
plants
Contractile vacuoles - ✅✅ -in single cell organism, pump excess water out of cell
Ex. fresh water protozoa to prevent bursting
Desmosome - ✅✅-aka spot welding, support and stability
Tight junctions - ✅✅-animal cells, seal to prevent passage of materials btwn cell
gap junctions - ✅✅-narrow tunnels btwn animal cells, only ions exchange
plasmodesma - ✅✅-barrow channels between plant cells for exchange of materials
, Bulk flow - ✅✅ -collective movement of substance (like blood or urine) in same
direction due to force
✅✅-diffusion of solutes across selective permeable membrane (passive)
dialysis -
plasmolysis - ✅✅-water of out cell, results in collapse aka shrivel (passive)
Total ATP in Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic - ✅✅-Eukaryotic = 36 ATP Prokaryotic =
38 ATP
Glycolysis - ✅✅
-1 glucose + 2 ATP + 4 ADP + 2NAD + 2Pi --> 2 pyruvate + 2ADP
+ 4 ATP + 2NADH +2H + 2H2O = 2 ATP
Fermination - ✅✅ -1 pyruvate + NADH --> (Ethanol + CO2 in Plants) and (Lactic
Acid in animals use for muscle cells) + NAD
Pyruvate decarboxylation - ✅✅
-2 pyruvate + 2 Coenzyme A + 2 NAD --> 2 Acetyl
CoA + 2CO2 + 2NADH = - 2 ATP
Citric Acid Cycle - ✅✅
-2 Acetyl CoA + 6NAD + 2FAD + 2ADP + 2H20 --> 4 CO2 +
6 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 ATP = 2 ATP
Electron Transport Chain - ✅✅ -10 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 34 ADP + 34pi + 10 H +
5O2 ---> 10 NAD + 2 FAD + 34 ATP + 10H20 = 34 ATP
How man ATP per NADH and FADH? - ✅✅-1 NADH = 3 ATP
1 FADH = 2 ATP
Where does the H+ accumulate in Mitochondria - ✅✅-Between Inner and Outer
membrane/ cross crista (btw inner and outer membrane vs matrix)
✅✅-liver converts lactic acid lack into glucose when ATP is available
Cori Cycle -
Noncyclic Photophosphorylation - ✅✅-Photosystem 2
P680
Generates = NADPH, ATP, photolysis of H2O (to get 2 electrons)
Cyclic Photophosphorylation - ✅✅-Photosystem 1
P700
Generates ATP only
Calvin Cycle (Dark Cycle) - ✅✅-fixes Co2 (6 cycles)
1. carboxylation
2. reduction
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