Exam (elaborations)
AAMI Introduction to Microbiology Units 4 & 5.
AAMI Introduction to Microbiology Units 4 & 5.
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AAMI Introduction to Microbiology Units 4&5
Digestive - ANS-what system is responsible for the intake of our nutriens and the
elimination of waste products from the body.
Mouth - ANS-where does digestion begin?
Chewing - ANS-what is the mechanical breakdown of food?
Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestines, Large Intestines - ANS-what are the
organs of the digestive tract?
Teeth, Tongue, Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas - ANS-what are the accessory organs of
the digestive tract?
Stomach - ANS-where does the digestion of large proteins begin?
Regurgitation - ANS-what does the cardiac sphincter prevent?
Cardiac Sphincter - ANS-what prevents regurgitation?
Pyloric - ANS-what is the name of the sphincter that food passes through the stomach
to the small intestines?
Chyme - ANS-what is food called once it is in the small intestines?
Peristalsis - ANS-chyme is propelled along its course by rhythmical smooth muscle
contraction called?
Small Intestines - ANS-where does the greatest amount of digestion take place?
Liver - ANS-what produces bile?
Bile - ANS-what is an emulsifying agent.
Emulsifier - ANS-a substance that reduces large fat droplets into much smaller fat
droplets.
,Bile - ANS-this enables the lipase enzyme to digest fat into small absorbable units.
Villi - ANS-what are finger-like projections that increases the absorption area for
digestion?
Stomatitis - ANS-inflammation of the mouth (oral or buccal cavity) which may involve
the cheeks, gums, tongue, roof and floor of the mouth.
Stomatitis - ANS-causes of __________:
- mechanical trauma - chewing or peeling
- extreme temperature - drinking beverages that are too hot; eating hot pizza can burn
the roof of your mouth
- chemical injury - exposure to heavy metals such as mercury
- infections from pathogens: common cold; gonorrhea; measles; leukemia; AIDS
Candida Albicans - ANS-fungus that causes thrush.
Herpes Simplex l - ANS-viral infections seen with cold sores and fever blisters.
Treponema Pallidum - ANS-the causative agent of syphilis, can lead to inflammatory
lesions, refered to as mucous patches, in the mouth during the secondary stage of the
disease.
Mouth - ANS-these organisms cause inflammation of the _______
- candida albicans
- herpes simplex l
- treponema pallidum
Chelitis - ANS-inflammation of the lips.
Chelitis - ANS-causes of _________
- mechanical injury such as chewing or peeling of the lips
- thermal injury: drinking hot coffee, eating hot pizza
- chemical reaction
- infection: cold sores, canker sores, herpes
Glosstis - ANS-inflammation of the tongue
Glosstis - ANS-causes of __________
,- mechanical injury
- thermal injury
- chemical irritation
- vitamin deficiency - lack of vitamin B12
Gingivitis - ANS-a periodontal disease of the gums involving inflammation and infection
that can result in the destruction of the gums.
Gingivitis - ANS-- inflammation of the gums
- characterized by swelling, redness, watery exudate, and bleeding
Gingivitis - ANS-causes of ___________
- poor hygiene - buildup of bacterial plaque. In time, plaque mineralizes into a hard
deposit known as tartar.
- food impaction - it is more common in cases of uncontrolled diabetes; pregnancy (due
to hormonal changes)
Tonsillitis - ANS-- inflammation of the tonsils
- commonly caused by bacterial or viral infection. Strep throat is a common cause
- frequently accompanies inflammation of other parts of the upper respiratory tract
- tonsils become swollen, narrowing the opening of the throat and causing pain and
difficulty in swallowing
- their surface may be covered by pus
- the availability of antibiotics have decreased the need for a tonsiliectomy.
Strep Throat - ANS-what is the common cause of tonsillitis?
Tonsils - ANS-these are masses of lymphoid tissue embedded in the mucous
membrane of the mouth, one on each side of the throat.
Pharyngitis - ANS-- inflammation of the pharynx or throat that results in a sore throat
- most cases are caused by viruses; which include the common cold, flu, adenovirus,
mononucleosis, and HIV.
- Bacteria may also cause this. These include streptococcus, corynebacterium,
neisseria gonorrhea, and chlamydia pneumoniae
- may extend to the larynx
Larynx - ANS-where may pharyngitis extend too?
Mouth - ANS-Stomatitis is a disease of the ______?
, Mouth - ANS-Chelitis is a disease of the _______?
Mouth - ANS-Glossitis is a disease of the ________?
Mouth - ANS-Gingivitis is a disease of the _______?
Mouth - ANS-Tonsillitis is a disease of the _______?
Mouth - ANS-Pharyngitis is a disease of the ________?
Esophagitis - ANS-inflammation of the esophagus.
Reflux - ANS-what is the most common type of esophagitis?
Heartburn - ANS-what do we know reflux esophagitis as?
Heartburn - ANS-this result from a regurgitation of stomach acid through the cardiac
sphincter which causes a chemical irritation of the mucosa lining of the esophagus.
Esophagus - ANS-esophagitis is a disease of the _________?
Varices - ANS-- are varicose veins of the esophagus or esophageal varices.
-esophageal varices is due to an obstruction of the hepatic venous return as a result of
cirrhosis of the liver.
- esophageal varices are a complication of cirrhosis
- the most serious danger of esophageal varices is that of hemorrhage - especially in
those who have clotting disorders.
Hemorrhage - ANS-what is the most serious danger of esophageal varices.?
Esophagus - ANS-varices is a disease of the ________?
Stricture - ANS-what is another term for Sternosis?
Stenosis - ANS-an abnormal narrowing of an opening or passageway.
Esophageal Stenosis - ANS-this can result from a serious infection or chemical irritation
which leads to the formation of scar tissue within the lumen of the esophagus.
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