APHY 201 Module 09 Heart and
Hemodynamics Ivy Tech
Capillaries are vessels where materials are _____________ between blood and
surrounding tissue cells - ANS-exchanged
Arteries transport blood ________ from the heart throughout the body - ANS-away
What collects blood from the myocardium (wastes)? - ANS-coronary sinus
pulmonary circuit - ANS-What is known as the movement of blood from the right
ventricle to both lungs back to the left atrium, and functions to allow gas exchange?
-short, low-pressure circulation
-path deoxygenated blood takes thru right side of heart to lungs, returns O2 blood back
to left side of heart.
*Bloods flows into R atrium from sup vena cava, interior vena cava and coronary sinus
to R ventricle, where it's pumped into pulmonary circuit.
systemic circuit - ANS-What is known as the movement of blood from left ventricle to
ALL body tissues and back to right atrium, and functions to supply nutrients to body
cells and pick up wastes?
-long, high-friction and pressure circulation. The myometrium in the left ventricle is
significantly thicker (3-5x) than that of the right ventricle.
-path oxygenated blood takes thru L side of the heart to body, returns deoxygenated
blood back to R side of heart.
*from Left atrium, blood enters the left ventricle, which pumps it into the systemic circuit.
Arterioles control the amount of _____________ through each organ and
_____________ - ANS-blood flow; blood pressure
Veins __________ blood from the tissue back to the heart - ANS-return
blood pressure - ANS-Force per unit area exerted on wall of blood vessel by blood;
Expressed in mm Hg; Pressure gradient provides driving force that keeps blood moving
from higher to lower pressure areas
blood flow - ANS-Blood flow is volume of blood flowing through vessel, organ, or entire
circulation in given area per unit time; Measured as ml/min
, pressure gradient - ANS-is the difference in pressure between the beginning and end of
a vessel. The greater the pressure gradient the greater the flow rate through that vessel.
resistance - ANS-Opposition to flow; Measure of amount of friction blood encounters
with vessel walls, generally in peripheral (systemic) circulation
blood viscosity, blood vessel length, blood vessel diameter - ANS-Three important
factors the influence resistance
Vascular tone - ANS-the state of partial constriction that establishes a baseline of
arteriolar resistance
sympathetic, medulla oblongata - ANS-______________ control of vessel radius is
adjusted by the cardiovascular control center in the _______________
vasoconstriction - ANS-Increased sympathetic activity produces generalized arteriolar
___________ which increases resistance and decreases blood flow through the vessel
vasodilation - ANS-Decreased sympathetic activity leads to generalized arteriolar
____________ which
decreases resistance and increases blood flow
Changes in arteriolar resistance bring about changes in __________ arterial pressure -
ANS-mean
Radius of arterioles can be adjusted to accomplish what two functions? - ANS-variably
distribute cardiac output among the organs depending on body needs and to help
regulate arterial blood pressure
an increased diameter means there is less blood contacting the vessel wall, thus lower
friction and lower resistance, subsequently _____________ blood flow - ANS-increasing
a decreased diameter means more of the blood contacts the vessel wall, and resistance
increases, so ___________ blood flow. - ANS-decreasing
The systemic circuit has a much ______________ pressure than the pulmonary circuit.
- ANS-higher
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