What percentage of the body's oxygen supply and cardiac output does the brain
use? - answer-The brain uses 20% of the body's oxygen suppy and 15% of the
body's cardiac output.
*brain cells do not store oxygen or glucose. The need a constant suppy of
micronutrients from arterial blood.
What is the normal blood flow to cerebral tissue? When does electrical failure
occur? - answer-Normal blood flow to the brain is 50-55ml/100/min
electrical failure occurs at 15-20ml/100/min
temporal lobe - answer-hearing, memory, learning, wernicke (receptive aphasia),
visual and auditory memories, behavioral elements
frontal lobe - answer-personality, affect, tact, inhibition, judgement, planning,
motor strip body parts, frontal eye fields- conjugate eye movements; pupil
changes, extra pyramidal motor control, motor speech-articulation, speed, and
rhythm of speech, creative thought,abstract thinking
parietal lobe - answer-pain, temperature, light, touch, vibration, two point
discrimination, visual function, language, reading, internal stimuli, tactile
sensation, and sensory comprehension
Cerebellum - answer-The cerebellum first receives information about an intended
movement then it sends information back to the motor cortex about the required
direction, force, and duration of the movement. It acts like an air traffic controller.
The cerebellum can't initiate movement but is responsible for unconscious
, coordination of movement. can cause lack of coordination, clumsiness,
shaking/tremors
* It is important to diagnose cerebellum infarcts early because swelling may
cause brain stem compression or hydrocephalous
Cerebrum - answer-grey matter: cognition and personality deficits
white matter (deep): regions of the brain cannot communicate with each other
What causes brain stem infarcts? - answer-usually related to basilar occlusion.
This type of infarct is serious or fatal. Survivors may be left in a vegatative state
What is the main cause of cell death? - answer-hypoxia or anoxia
What factors influence the rate and extent of penumbral tissue and infarcted
tissue - answer-1: rate of onset
2: Duration of ischemia
3: Degree of collateral circulation perfusing the infarcted zone
4: functionality of systemic circulation
5: hematologic factors
6: metabolic factors
What is an appoptic cell death pathway? - answer-programed cell death in the
penumbral zone: normal biologic function where cells are programmed to die in
an organized fashion after nearby cell death
What is a necrotic cell death pathway? - answer-loss of O2 and glucose and
cellular electrolyte exchange from a loss of atrial perfusion causes energy failure
and rapid cytoskeletal breakdown.
What is the ischemic cascade? - answer-lack of
blood-infarct-edema-swelling-center of brain shifts from midline-increased
ICP-compression of neurons, nerve tracts, and cerebral arteries-persistant
edema-irreversable damage /death
neuron - answer-A: 1. Neuron consists of cell bodywith nucleus and 1 or more
extensions
2. Dendrites receive nerve impulses from other neurons or sensory receptors
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