D199 WGU
2015 Paris Agreement - ANS--allows and encourages countries to work out solutions in
smaller groups
-has a much more flexible framework than past agreements, one that allows countries
to set their own obligations according to what they are willing and able to implement
aerosols - ANS--Visible smoke and smog are made up of tiny particles
-carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases cannot be seen by the human eye
-Most of these aerosols reflect sunlight and have a cooling effect
After fossil fuels, the second largest anthropogenic source of carbon dioxide is -
ANS-deforestration
At current emission growth levels—that is, under a "business as usual" scenario -
ANS--another trillion tons of carbon dioxide will be added to the atmosphere by about
2030
-At that point, the rate of climate change will be three times faster than the pace
experienced until now.
-unchecked emissions will lead to warming that could exceed 4°C
black carbon aerosols (a major component of soot) - ANS--absorb solar radiation
entering the atmosphere and have a warming effect.
-warms the climate by absorbing solar energy rather than infrared energy from the
planet
Cap-and-trade programs - ANS--a program designed to manage carbon dioxide
emissions by either limiting a company's total emissions to a level allowed by its permit,
paying a tax for any overage, or purchasing other companies' permits to cover its own
overage of emissions
-rely on the issuance of a limited number of permits allowing a company to emit a stated
amount of carbon dioxide for a given year
-The total amount of all emissions allowed by the program is then the "cap" on
emissions
-Companies are taxed if they produce more emissions than their permits allow
-However, if a company does not expect to use all of its allowance of emissions, it can
sell ("trade") its unused permits to other companies.
, Cultural push factors usually involve - ANS-slavery, political instability, ethnic cleansing,
famine, and war
Devised by the World Bank, it is slated to be a key component of any post-Kyoto climate
treaty - ANS--Reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) is
another offsetting mechanism
-REDD is intended to help Global South countries protect their remaining rain forests
and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions caused by deforestation, forest degradation,
and peatland destruction.
-Countries that reduce net REDD emissions below a preset baseline would receive
credits that could be sold in carbon markets and used by purchasing nations to meet
their international mitigation obligations.
Early international agreements—the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol, and the
Copenhagen Conference—failed because the underlying political realities were not well
recognized. - ANS-they either were not detailed enough to create action (UNFCCC), did
not really ask much of individual signatory nations (Kyoto), or did not allow a strong
leader to emerge (Copenhagen).
Earth is now experiencing the Anthropocene Era - ANS--which means a time when
environmental change is driven by human activity
-One result of the Anthropocene Era is the increase in the greenhouse effect, which
might be better termed the "atmospheric blanket."
How are satellites and weather balloons used with climate change model data? -
ANS-to confirm predictions
How can amenity migration negatively affect an area? - ANS--Land consumption
increases.
-Environmental damages may occur
-The cultural landscape changes
How can labor rights be linked with migration - ANS-When workers organize, some
companies threaten to move to other countries
How did the Peace of Westphalia (1648) reinvent the global political landscape? -
ANS-It introduced the concept of sovereign nation-states that had the right to order their
own affairs.
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