Pacific NW History - WGU D189
1853: Rogue River Treaty - ANS-Involved the Rogue River tribes: Takelma, Upper
Takelma, Latgawa, Shasta, Applegate, and Galice. These tribes must give up the stolen
property, firearms, and go to the reservations.
1803: The Louisiana Purchase - ANS-The acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the
United States from France in 1803 that made the Pacific Northwest contiguous with the
other territories and states of the union. Made it much easier for Americans to arrive to
the region by land.
1846: Oregon Treaty - ANS-A treaty between the United Kingdom and the United States
that was signed on June 15, 1846, in Washington. The treaty brought an end to the
Oregon boundary dispute by settling competing American and British claims to the
Oregon Country; the area had been jointly occupied by both Britain and the U.S. since
the Treaty of 1818
1847-1850: Cayuse War - ANS-An American named Marcus Whitman founded a
mission in northeastern Oregon to convert the Cayuse people to Christianity and
minister to white settlers in the region. Ongoing hostility between whites and Native
peoples erupted into violence when a measles epidemic carried by the settlers
decimated the Native population. This led to an event that became known as the
Whitman Massacre. Whitman and several others were killed and others were taken
hostage by the Cayuse, starting a war between the Cayuse and the U.S. government
that lasted for seven years. The Cayuse were defeated, forced to sign a treaty ceding
most of their lands, and moved onto a reservation.
1850: Donation Land Act - ANS-This act promoted homestead settlement in Oregon
Territory by offering 320 acres of land free of charge to unmarried white male U.S.
citizens (and initially 640 acres to a married couple) who would commit to living on the
land and cultivating it for four years. This lead to a land rush that greatly accelerated the
incursion of white settlers on Native American homelands.
1854: Treaty of Medicine Creek - ANS-Nisqually, Puyallup, and other tribes of the
Tacoma-Olympia region. They lost 2.5 million acres and were forced onto three
1,280-acre reservations. Key figure: Leschi of the Nisqually, leader of the revolt against
this treaty and the Treaty of Point Elliot and ultimately hung (Puget Sound War)
, 1855: Plateau Indian War - ANS-A number of battles occurred in the wake of the
Oregon Treaty of 1846 and the creation of Oregon Territory and Washington Territory.
Among the causes of conflict were a sudden immigration to the region and a series of
gold rushes throughout the Pacific Northwest.
1855: The Rougue River War - ANS-Indians attacked a white person camp at night and
robbed them of their money, clothing, and horses. This resulted in most of the Natives
being removed from southwestern Oregon to a Coast Reservation.
1855: Treaty of Neah Bay - ANS-Makah Tribe keeps fishing and whaling rights and is
forced to live on reservation
1855: Treaty of Point Elliot - ANS-Duwamish, Suquamish, and others including Chief
Seattle lost the land around Seattle. When whites violated the terms of the treaty and a
rebellion broke out, Seattle protected the whites from Native soldiers. He was a
powerful figure in the area who had conquered many tribes in the past
1855: Treaty of Point No Point - ANS-S'Klallam, the Chimakum, and the Skokomish.
The original inhabitants of northern Kitsap Penisula and Olympic Peninsula were to
cede ownership of their land in exchange for small reservations along Hood Canal.
Natives were to trade only with the US, to free all their slaves, and it abjured them not to
acquire any new slaves. The treaty had to be translated but were translated into
Chinook Jargon, a trading slang that was too simple for legal documents
1855: Treaty with the Yakama - ANS-When gold was discovered on Yakama territory,
white miners violated the terms of the treaty, trespassed on Yakama territory and raped
a Yakama woman. This led to the Yakama War. By the end the Yakama lost 90% of their
traditional lands
1855: Walla Walla Treaty Council - ANS-Walla Walla, Cayuse, and Umatilla forced onto
the Umatilla Reservation, losing 6.5 million acres of their homeland to the U.S. Treaty
preserves their right to hunt.
1855-1858: Yakama War - ANS-During this war, the Yakama people and others living in
the northwestern plateau of Washington Territory attacked some of the miners who were
infringing on the Yakama people's territory. The U.S. soldiers retaliated and forced the
Native peoples to retreat to the nearby missions. This resulted in 6 million acres of land
being ceded to the US government.
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