D199 Roadmap Study Complete
Understand Physical Geography and its major sub-disciplines. - ANS-Physical
geography is the study of the earth's environment.
It is broken into areas of study, some of which are:
Biogeography - Study of plants and animals and how they survive/live and where they
survive/live
Climatology - Study of weather patterns around the earth.
Hydrology - Study of water and how it behaves and how it moves on earth.
geomorphology - Study of earth's land and how it is formed
Understand Human Geography and its major sub-disciplines. - ANS-Study of Human
behavior. Why do certain people live more in one area than another? Why is one
country more wealthy than another? What drives people to go from one place to
another?
Areas of study:
Cultural geography - Studying the culture differences throughout the planet. How
different cultures live, eat, worship, work, etc. Also the study of how those cultures are
tied to certain places/locations
economic geography - Study of the economy around the earth. How
states/nations/peoples make money, spend money. How successful, how poor they
might be, why certain jobs are more popular in one area and another, etc
Medical Geography - Study of health and medical resources. The health of a people,
medical resources for those people, etc.
Political Geography - Study of nations/states political systems. What kind of
governments they have, the involvement of the governments, the success of the
governments, etc
population geography - Studying where people live, why they live, and population
changes that happen over time.
,Urban Geography - study of urban areas, city places. Studying the people within the
city, the buildings, the history, the ongoing development, transportation, employment,
etc
What are the "five themes of geography" and how do these geographic perspectives
influence both Physical and Human Geography? - ANS-Location - For PG, knowing
where things like rivers and mountains are. For HG, knowing where people live.
Place - For PG, to describe places by its landscape, ecosystems, weather.
For HG, the study of culture and where that culture exists.
Human-Environment Interaction - for PG, studying how humans impact the
environment. For HG, how people change the environment for their lives.
Movement - For PG, study of water movement and animal migration. For HG, study of
people migrating from and to different places
Region - For PG, studying regions with similar climate, ecosystems, etc. For HG, study
of cultural similarities, language, food, work, music, etc
Understand the physical elements (hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere) and the
biological elements (producers, consumers, and decomposers) of an ecosystem. -
ANS-Physical Elements
Hydrosphere - everything related to water on the planet. Oceans, rivers, water
underground, the moisture in the atmosphere.
Lithosphere - the land and ocean floors
Atmosphere - layer of gasses that wraps the planet. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen,
etc. "Blanket to protect us from the nasty sun rays"
Biological Elements
Producers - organisms that can make their own food and energy through
"photosynthesis" (making food from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water). These would
be things like plants.
consumers - Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain their energy
from other organisms. Herbivores, carnivores, etc
,decomposers - organisms that feed on dead or decaying organisms. Things like fungi,
then that puts some stuff in the soil that's good for plants (producers).
Examine the concept of "geographic scale" (global, regional, national, local) and how it
helps geographers study different geographic phenomena, such as ecosystems. -
ANS-Global scale - the planet's geography. Geographers would study things like global
climate change and the effects it would have on ecosystems around the world.
Regional scale - particular areas, such as states, nations, groups of neighboring
countries. Geographers would study different areas like the desert, rain forests, etc, and
the ecosystems within those areas
National scale - focusing on specific nations. Geographers would study how policies
and land use would affect the ecosystems within the nation/country
local scale - focusing on cities, towns, etc. Geographers could study the ecosystems
within these areas. parks, small gardens, seeing how human activities can impact local
ecosystems.
Consider how physical and environmental changes, such as climate change, can
transform ecosystems both gradually and more rapidly. - ANS-ecosystems can be
affected gradually with things like season changes, the climate getting warmer slowly
over time, etc. Rapidly would be things like storms, invasive species, or human impact
through the act of something like deforestation.
Another way an ecosystem could gradually transform would be an ecosystem
developing. Something like a rocky area starting to grow moss, and grass, which would
bring in new organisms into that ecosystem. Over time the ecosystem would become
stronger, and larger.. so long as there is nothing that disturbs it to the point of not
existing.
Consider the geographic factors (location, place, movement, region,
human-environment interaction) and technological innovations that drove the Industrial
Revolution to begin in England and northwestern Europe in the mid-eighteenth century.
- ANS-Location - Close to resources and waterways.
Place - People moved from rural areas to where the work was, creating urban cities.
Movement - using waterways for transporting goods and faraway lands for bringing
back new materials and new ideas
, Region - certain regions had people that innovated new ideas and technological
advances.
Human-environment interaction - People used steam from coal to power machines.
They also used the current from rivers to operate some machinery.
Technological innovations - Weaving cotton was made easier with industrial machinery.
New methods were introduced to create things like iron which was used for buildings
and certain parts of machines.
Study how the Industrial Revolution produced profound changes in the geography of
where people work and live. - ANS-Locally since there were new ways to create goods
with industrial machinery, this created jobs. People would leave their rural, farm life,
home to go where the factory jobs were, which ended up creating large cities.
Globally, the inventions from England and NW Europe influenced other places around
the world.
Consider how modern economic activities can be classified into five categories: primary,
secondary, tertiary, quaternary and quinary. How do these categories help explain
patterns of economic growth, inequality and trade across the world? - ANS-Primary -
Fishing, mining, farming. Anything for the first part of the product. seafood from fishing,
Raw materials from mining, wheat from farming, etc.
Secondary - Taking those Primary resources, when applicable, and creating products.
Things like tools, cars, phones, etc.
tertiary - service jobs that include teachers, nurses, restaurant staff.
quaternary - Service jobs like scientists or software developers
quinary - Service jobs where big decisions are made, government jobs, CEO's
Define the organic state theory, the heartland theory, and the rimland theory. How did
these three theories reflect how European countries in the 1900s-1950s understood the
importance of control over resources, transportation routes, and physical territory to
protect their countries' power? - ANS-Organic State Theory - early 1900 European
countries believed that a healthy and well kept country was the answer to power and
stability. Resources would play a big role in a well-functioning state.
