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ATCN 2022 Chapter 8 Musculoskeletal Trauma.
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- ATCN 2022 Chapter 8 Musculoskeletal Trauma
ATCN 2022 Chapter 8 Musculoskeletal Trauma.
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ATCN 2022 Chapter 8 MusculoskeletalTrauma
A patient with long bone fractures above and below the diaphragm is at increased risk -
ANS-for associated internal torso injuries.
Severe crush injuries cause the release of __________________________ from the
muscle, which can precipitate in the renal tubules and result in renal failure.
____________________________, an uncommon but highly lethal complication of
long-bone fractures, can lead to pulmonary failure and impaired cerebral function -
ANS-Severe crush injuries cause the release of myoglobin from the muscle, which can
precipitate in the renal tubules and result in renal failure.
Fat embolism, an uncommon but highly lethal complication of long-bone fractures, can
lead to pulmonary failure and impaired cerebral function
Appropriate __________________________ fractures can significantly decrease
bleeding by reducing motion and enhancing the tamponade effect of the muscle and
fascia. - ANS-Appropriate splinting of fractures can significantly decrease bleeding by
reducing motion and enhancing the tamponade effect of the muscle and fascia.
Assess injured extremities for
______________________________________________________________________
___________________________ - ANS-Assess injured extremities for external
bleeding, loss of previously palpable pulse, and changes in pulse quality, Doppler tone,
and ankle/brachial index.
The ankle/brachial Index is determined by taking - ANS-the systolic blood pressure
value at the ankle of the injured leg and dividing it by the systolic blood pressure of the
uninsured arm.
If time to operative intervention is longer than 1 hour, a single attempt to - ANS-deflate
the tourniquet may be considered in an otherwise stable patient
Application of ______________________________________ into bleeding open
wounds while the patient is in the ED is not advised, unless a superficial vessel is
clearly identified. - ANS-Application of vascular clamps into bleeding open wounds while
the patient is in the ED is not advised, unless a superficial vessel is clearly identified.
, Joint dislocations should be - ANS-Joint dislocations should be reduced, if possible; if
the joint cannot be reduced, emergency orthopedic intervention may be required.
Patients with bilateral femur fractures are at higher risk for - ANS-significant blood loss,
severe associated injuries, pulmonary complications, multiple organ failure, and death.
Crush syndrome, or traumatic rhabdomyolysis, refers to the clinical effects of -
ANS-injured muscle that, if left untreated, can lead to acute renal failure and shock.
The muscle insult is a combination of - ANS-direct muscle injury, muscle ischemia, and
cell death with release of myoglobin.
Amber-colored urine in the presence of
__________________________________________________ or more is indicative of
rhabdomyolysis when urine myoglobin levels are not available. Rhabdomyolysis can
lead to metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, and DIC - ANS-Amber-colored
urine in the presence of serum creatine kinase of 10,000 U/L or more is indicative of
rhabdomyolysis when urine myoglobin levels are not available. Rhabdomyolysis can
lead to metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, and DIC
Myoglobin -induced renal failure can be prevented with? - ANS-Myoglobin -induced
renal failure can be prevented with intravascular fluid expansion, alkalinization of the
urine by intravenous administration of bicarbonate, and osmotic diuresis.
Proper application of a splint helps ___________________________,
_________________________, and prevents further neurovascular compromise and
soft-tissue injury. If an open fracture is present, pull the exposed bone back into the
wound, because open fractures require surgical debridement. - ANS-Proper application
of a splint helps control blood loss, reduces pain, and prevents further neurovascular
compromise and soft-tissue injury. If an open fracture is present, pull the exposed bone
back into the wound, because open fractures require surgical debridement.
Key aspects of the patient history are - ANS-mechanism of injury, environment, preinjury
status and predisposing factors, and prehospital observations and care.
Primary Blast injury - ANS-from the force of the blast wave.
Secondary Blast Injury - ANS-may occur from debris and other objects accelerated by
the blast, leading o penetrating wounds, lacerations, and contusions.
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