Exam (elaborations)
Bonent review (1).
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- BONENT - Reviewer
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- BONENT - Reviewer
Exam of 21 pages for the course BONENT - Reviewer at BONENT - Reviewer (Bonent review (1).)
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Bonent reviewDuring pre-treatment patients evaluation what is the best question for the PCT to ask? -
ANS-How have you been since your last dialysis treatment?
During the set- up of a machine the alarm test for conductivity fails. Which action would
be best for the pct to take - ANS-Contact the biomed equipment tech
The dialysis industry strives to improve the quality of patient outcomes. One way this is
done is through continuous quality improvement (CQI) process. What is a model of the
CQI process? - ANS-plan, do, check, and act
Nephron - ANS-The functional unit of the kidney is called the
Diabetes - ANS-The number one reason for chronic kidney failure is the united states
is?
What is the acid-base imbalance commonly seen in patients with chronic renal failure? -
ANS-Metabolic acidosis
What are the functions of the kidney? - ANS-Fluid balance
Electrolyte balance
Elminates metabolic waste
Approximately what percent of the cardiac output is received by the kidney's? -
ANS-23%
What is considered an elevated serum potassium level for a dialysis patient? - ANS-5.5
mEq/L
Hormones made by the kidney are? - ANS-Erythropoietin
Calcitriol
Renin
Hyperkalemia may cause - ANS-Serious or even deadly changes in the heart rhythm
What is the PCT's role in patient teaching? - ANS-Reinforce teaching the patient may
have received from the nurse, physician, dietitian, or other teammates
,What type of vascular access has fewest complications? - ANS-The a/v fistula
Risks associated with a deionization (D.I) water treatment system? - ANS-Once a DI
system is exhausted it releases all of the ions it once held.
DI has caused most of the water treatment related deaths in patients.
DI does not remove bacteria
The absence of pathogens - ANS-Asepsis
What organization establishes dialysis water quality standards? - ANS-Association for
the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI)
To make public drinking water safe municipal water supplies commonly treat water with
chemical additives. These same additives must be removed from the water supply used
for hemodialysis. Common drinking water additives are? - ANS-Chlorine and Ammonia
Fluorine
Alum
Hemolysis - ANS-Bursting of red blood cells
Hemodialysis infection control precautions are? - ANS-Dispose of needles in a puncture
resistant color coded box.
Always wear a protective gown where there is potential for contact with blood or body
fluids.
Promptly clean blood spills/splashes with appropriate disinfecting agent
For patient or equipment contact.
When troubleshooting the vascular access.
Handling blood/body fluid samples. - ANS-Gloves must be worn
The heparin sodium concentration commonly used in hemodialysis is - ANS-1ml 1,000
units
When should the PCT verify the absence of residual sterilant? - ANS-Immediately
before initiating treatment
If the extracorporeal circuit clots, it would be most important to monitor the patients? -
ANS-Hemoglobin level
, One reason normal saline is used to prime the extracorporeal circuit prior to initiating
treatment is to - ANS-Remove air
What is the name of the instrument used to measure blood pressure? -
ANS-Sphygmomanometer
What would improve the adequacy of the dialysis treatment - ANS-Increase the
treatment time
During a hemodialysis treatment a patient goes into cardiac arrest. What should the
PCT do first? - ANS-Call for help
Prior to cannulation the technician notices the patient's a/v fistula is red and warm to the
touch. These symptoms are most likely due to - ANS-Clotting
Lab results indicate the patient's pre-treatment BUN value was lower than the post
treatment BUN value. A potential cause could be - ANS-The pre-dialysis sample was
taken from the venous line after the treatment started
Half way through a treatment the technician notices a significant increase in
transmembrane pressure. This is most likely due to - ANS-Clotting of the dialyzer
A technician notices a drop of blood on the surface of a patient's hemodialysis machine.
The best action is to - ANS-Clean the machine surface immediately
When the technician accidentally spills undiluted bleach on the floor which resource will
provide the PCT with the appropriate safety information and guidance on how to clean
the spill? - ANS-The MSDS
Osmosis - ANS-The movement of fluid from an area of low solute concentration to an
area of high solute concentration
What is the most accurate measure of dialysis adequacy? - ANS-KT/V
Diffusion - ANS-Solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration
Pericarditis is a complication seen in renal failure patients - ANS-Inadequate dialysis
prescription.
Missed dialysis treatments.
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