A Level Edexcel History: Germany - Nazi
June 2024 Exam Questions and Answers
100% Pass
KEY - Answer>>? - Theme 1 (Political and Governmental
Change)
?? - Theme 2 (Opposition, Control and Consent)
??? - Theme 3 (Eco. development and policies)
???? - Theme 4 (Aspects of life)
What obstacles did Hitler face in becoming dictator? -
Answer>>- Civil rights were protected by the constitution
(legality of intimidation limited)
- Federal system meant limited power over states
- Opposition political parties
- Nazis didn't control Reichstag
- Unions undermined Nazis
- Free press
- Hindenburg remained President with ability to dismiss Hitler
- Army suspicious of Hitler and SA
- Radicals in Nazi movement critical of Hitler's leadership
What was the legal revolution? - Answer>>- January - July 1933
Hitler takes 'legal' steps to extend and consolidate power while
SA terrorises opponents
- Manipulate constitution
Who was Goering? - Answer>>- Came from rich background,
father was involved in expansion of German empire → Respected
among nationalists
- Fighter pilot in WW1, seen as hero, had the respect of aristocrat
- Leading role in winning the co-operation and approval of
aristocrats
,- Essential in winning over those who were sceptical of Hitler's
lower MC background and violence
- Minister of interior in Prussia, control over law and order,
persecutes left wing opponents, appoints 50,000 SA as back up
police officers unleashing terror on opponents and Jews
- SA violence facilitated by legal changes
- During WW2 he was head of the Luftwaffe (ger air force), head
of 4 Year plan organisation, field marshall in army and minister for
Prussia resulting in weakness during the war as he was unable to
manage all these tasks effectively
What degrees of support was there for the Nazis?? - Answer>>-
Active Support: Committed to Nazism, believed govt was
essential to Ger
- Partial Support: Supp. some aspects of Nazi policy, supp. Hitler
not his officials
- Passive Support: give lil thought to politics, didn't object, helping
Nazis stay in control
What apparent achievements had the Nazis achieved?? -
Answer>>- Ger eco improved with Hitler as Chancellor
- Popular foreign policy decisions e.g. withdrawing from League of
Nations in Oct 1933 and remilitarisation of Rhineland 1936
What was the 'war youth generation'?? - Answer>>- People
who had been children during WW1, susceptible to Nazis as they
were subjected to official propaganda during the war
- Saw war as patriotic adventure, blaming socialists and
democrats for Ger humiliation
- Attracted to Nazi militarism
What support was there from the middle class?? - Answer>>-
Reject democracy due to hyperinflation and WSC due to lack of
jobs, increase of unemployed graduates and hit hard by cuts to
civil service wages
,- With the removal of the Jewish from professions, more jobs
openings available
- More professionals required to run new institutions e.g. Four
Year Plan Organisation and German Research Council funding
research into racial hygiene and weapon technology
- Abolishment of trade unions and outlawing of SPD and KPD was
attractive to MC business owners
What support was there from the working class?? - Answer>>-
Less WC support compared to MC
- Reduction on unemployment and Beauty of Labour initiative
(safer, cleaner and more efficient factories) increased some
support
- For most living standards decreased as Nazi govt kept wages
down, leading to decline of food consumption, beer consumption
(1937 half of that in 1927)
What support was there from the peasants?? - Answer>>-
Support rurally higher than urban areas, July 1932 support 30%
- Sept 1933 Reich Food Estate established for agricultural policies
- Reich Entailed farm Law gave peasants more security in land
ownership
- Food autarchy meant no competition with imported goods
leading to stable farm incomes
What support was there from women?? - Answer>>- MC and
Conservative women agreed with Nazis take on traditional gender
roles so accepted
- Women who fitted the racial ideal and accepted their role joined
the National Socialist Women's League growing from 110,000 in
1932 to 1.5 mill in 1934
What Protestant support was there?? - Answer>>- July 1933
elections showed that 2/3 of members wanted to join the German
Christian sect which promoted Nazism
, - Ludwig Miller coordinated 18 Protestant churches into the Ger.
Reich Church and 700,000 youth groups into Hitler Youth
What Catholic support was there?? - Answer>>- Less likely to
support the Nazis, but successfully appealed to the ZP who
supported the Enabling Act of 1933
- June 1933 the Concordat with Cath Church signed by Hitler
promising church control over education and youth groups for
remaining neutral in pol affairs
Evidence of support - Answer>>- 95% agree with decision to
withdraw from League of Nations 1933
- 90% agree with Hitler taking over Hindenburg's place after his
death 1934
- 99% agree with Rhineland remilitarisation 1936
- Despite there being no alternative to the Nazis there was a 95%
voter turnout in October 1933 elections
- 5 million Nazi members by 1940
What was Hitler's economic policy??? - Answer>>- Wanted to
ensure reasonable standard of living that would guarantee public
support
- Provide necessary resources for rearmament to ensure military
might
- Become self-sufficient (autarky)
- Provide sufficient resources for major architectural projects to
remake Germany fit for the master race
- Had little interest in understanding economis, believed it was
insignificant compared to decisive action
- Believed eco policy should serve pol objectives ('primacy of
politics')
Who was Hjalmar Schacht??? - Answer>>- Sophisticated
economist who knew that economy couldn't fund all of Hitler's
priorities at once
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