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Advanced Pharmacology
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Advanced Pharmacology Final ExamReview
Why are nitrate-free periods every 24 hours necessary for the patient on
nitroglycerin therapy? - ANS-To inhibit the development of tolerance
What does a low level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate? - ANS-Hyperthroidism
What would be the best option to treat a newly diagnosed patient with a low TSH level
with? - ANS-Propanolol (Inderal)
Spironoaldactone (Aldactone) has what mechanism of action (MOA)? -
ANS-Aldosterone antagonist
Heparin exerts its therapeutic action by what? - ANS-Upregulating the activity of one of
the body's natural anticoagulant molecules, antithrombin III
What physiologic action happens when the offending drug is administered during an
anaphylactic reaction. - ANS-Mast cells liberate large doses of histamine.
What are two systemic psoriasis medications? - ANS-Photo-therapy and topical
corticosteroids
What is the first choice of drug therapy for the majority of patients with uncomplicated
stage I hypertension? - ANS-Thiazide diuretics
What is the effect of cardiac glycosides? - ANS-Digitalis glycosides have a negative
chronotropic effect on the cardiac muscle cells.
Amenorrhea is the most common side effect of which birth control medication? -
ANS-Medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera)
What is an anti-hypertensive agent which competes with epinephrine for available
beta-receptor sites? - ANS-Atenolol (Tenormin)
What type of action does nitrates have on the body? - ANS-Reduction in systemic
venous tone.
What is the recommended level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) for patients
, with known coronary artery disease? - ANS-100mg/dl or less.
What is the MOA of group IV anti-dysrhythmia drugs? - ANS-Depressing phase 4
depolarization and lengthening phases 1 and 2 repolarization.
Which drug therapy should be used to lower the serum concentration of thyroid
hormones and re-establish eumetabolic state in a patient with Graves' disease? -
ANS-Anti-thyroid drugs.
Which type of diuretic would be used for a stage I hypertension in a patient with renal
insufficiency? - ANS-Loop diuretic.
What drug should be considered as first-line therapy for a client with hypertension and
heart failure? - ANS-Enalapril (Vasotec)
Which drug is considered safe for hypertension treatment during pregnancy? -
ANS-Methyldopa (Aldomet)
What drug will reduce afterload because it is an alpha-adrenergic blocker? -
ANS-Prazosin (Minipress)
What is an expected effect of the use of a beta-adrenergic blocker to control angina? -
ANS-Reduced force of cardiac contraction.
What side effect should be monitored closely in the elderly when taking Metformin
(Glucophage) for type 2 diabetes? - ANS-Lactic acidosis.
What is the primary role of cytochrome p-450 in the liver? - ANS-Deactivate and
detoxify medications and other substances.
What is a component of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors? - ANS-Prothrombin
How are IV morphine and nitroglycerin beneficial in acute heart failure? - ANS-Decrease
preload.
What is the purpose of administering a vasodilating drug to a patient in heart failure? -
ANS-Decrease afterload.
What are some contrindications for HMG-co A reductase inhibitors (statins)? -
ANS-They cause myopathies, especially at higher doses or in combination with certain
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