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NCSU Bio 240 Klesath Module 1.1
NCSU Bio 240 Klesath Module 1.1
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NCSU Bio 240 Klesath Module 1.1Aging on Skeleton; Bone Composition - ANS-Reduced tensile strength due to a
decrease in osteoblast activity and therefore protein production
Alters the ratio of organic/inorganic resulting in brittle bones with increased fracture risk
Increased demineralization resulting in insufficient ossification and thinner, weaker
bones (osteopenia)
Aging on skeleton; Overall Impact - ANS-Bone density peaks about 30 and decreases
as you age
Bones with larger portions of spongy bone are more susceptible causing a greater
impact on vertebrae, mandible, and epiphyses Causes decrease in height, tooth loss,
and fragile limbs
Decrease in hormones (i.e. sex hormones) contribute to overall loss in mass Onset of
menopause and subsequent loss of estrogen has a major impact on women increasing
their risk of osteoporosis
Appisitional growth - ANS-growth in width
Articular Cartilage - ANS-- Protective cartilage layer found on some bone ends such as
where joints occur
- Reduces friction and absorbs shock in moveable joints
Avascular - ANS-Gel like protein matrix that includes collagen and aggrecan
bone deposition - ANS-- Adding Bone Tissue
- Process of bone matrix being added by osteoblasts
- Begins with secretion of osteoid by the osteoblasts, followed by the organized
mineralization (calcification) of the matrix
bone reabsorption - ANS-- Removing Bone Tissue
- Process of bone matrix being broken down by osteoclasts
- Proteolytic enzymes secreted by osteoclasts chemically digest organic matrix
components - hydrochloric acid dissolves inorganic matrix producing freed calcium and
phosphate ions which enter the blood
Bone Structure Classification - ANS-Long, Short, Flat, and Irregular
Bones - ANS-- Primary organs of the skeletal system
, - Provide framework of body and attachment sites for muscles
Calcification - ANS-Minerals deposited between lacunae killing chondrocytes
Calcitroil Hormone - ANS-Calcitriol stimulates the absorption of calcium from the small
intestine into the blood
Cartilage - ANS-Component of embryonic, growing, and mature bones and joints
Chondroblasts - ANS-- Housed in lacuna
- Produces cartilage martix
- Divide by mitosis
Chondrocyte - ANS-- Found in individual lacunae
- Forms chondroblasts
Compact Bone - ANS-- Located at bone exterior
-Appears white, smooth, and solid
- Composed of Osteons and lamellae
Compound Fracture - ANS-Compound fracture occurs when one or more region of a
bone pierces the skin
Connective Tissue - ANS-- Bone and cartilage outer membrane
-Ligaments connect bones,, tendons connect muscles to bones
Distal Epiphysis - ANS-Furthest from the truck of the body
endochondral ossification - ANS-Process of transforming cartilage into bone
Endosteum - ANS-- Lines canals in compact bone
- Covers spongy bone tissue
- Incomplete cellular layer containing osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts
Epiphyseal Line - ANS-No cartilage present, growth has ceased
Epiphyseal Plate - ANS-contains cartilage, growth still occurring
Epiphyses - ANS-Enlarged surface ends or "knobs" composed of thin outer compact
bone
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