Exam (elaborations)
BIO 240 - Exam 3 - Muscles (3.1 A-C)
BIO 240 - Exam 3 - Muscles (3.1 A-C)
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BIO 240 - Exam 3 - Muscles (3.1 A-C)A-band - ANS-Thick filaments and Thin filaments
Aerobic Respiration - ANS-same as glycolysis but pyruvate enters the mitochondria and
produces large amounts of ATP (36-38 per phosphate)
Aponeurosis - ANS-thin, flattened sheet of dense irregular tissue
Characteristics of the skeletal mucsle tissue - ANS-Excitability, Conductivity,
Contractibility, Extensibility, and Elasticity
Concentric Contraction - ANS-shortens as it contracts
Conductivity - ANS-sedning an electrical change down the length of the cell membrane
Connectin - ANS-provides stability, connects to Z-disc, maintains the placement of thick
filaments; Is compressed during the contraction but the elasticity of the protein allows
for it to "uncoil"
Connective Tissue Components - ANS-Tendon, Aponeurosis, Deep Fascia, and
Superficial Fascia
Contractability - ANS-filaments slide past each other - causes movement
Contraction Period - ANS-tension begins to increase; begins as power strokes pull thin
fillaments
Creatine Phosphate - ANS-Creatine + P + ADP --> Creatine Phosphate
This reaction is reversible.
Cross Section of Sarcomere - ANS-M-line, H-zone, A-band, I-band, Z-disc
Cross-bridge Cycling - ANS-is continuous as long as long as Ca^2+ is available.
Crossbridge Detachment - ANS-ATP binds to the ATP binding site on the myosin head,
and releases from the binding site on actin
, Crossbridge Formation - ANS-myosin heads bind to the exposed binding actin sites
Deep fascia - ANS-dense irregular connective tissue superficial to epimysium;
separates individual muscles and bind ones with similar functions
Development of Muscle fibers - ANS-multiple myoblasts fuse together and form a
multi-nucleated muscle fiber
Dystrophin - ANS-maintains muscle integrity; a lack of dystrophin cause these cells to
be fragile and prone to damage
Eccentric Contraction - ANS-lengthens as it contracts
Elasticity - ANS-return to original length following a lengthening or shortening
End Plate Potential - ANS-1. action potential - down the motor neuron axon with an
influx of calcium at the synaptic knob
2. calcium binds to Ach and releases into the synaptic knob.
3. Ach diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to the Ach receptors at the Motor End
Plate
4. Opening od Cation channels causing a depolarization (end plate potential).
Endomysium - ANS-Delicate layer; Surrounds individual muscle fibers and provides
electrical insulation, capillary support and binding to neighboring cells.
Epimysium - ANS-Dense CT; covers the entire outside of skeletal muscle
Excitation-Contraction Coupling - ANS-
Excitiability - ANS-Ability of muscles to respond to a stimulus
Extensibility - ANS-ability to be stretched
Fast Glycolytic (type 2b) - ANS-fast and powerful; LARGEST and WHITE
Fast oxidative (typ 2a) - ANS-fast and powerful; INTERMEDIATE and LIGHT Red
Fatigue - ANS-when the muscle can no longer produce tension
Fully Contracted Sarcomere - ANS-- Z-disc move towards m-line
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