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BIO 245 Exam 1 - Endocrine & Reproductive
BIO 245 Exam 1 - Endocrine & Reproductive
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BIO 245 Exam 1 - Endocrine &Reproductive
adenylate cyclase pathway - ANS-1. Water soluble hormone (first messenger) binds
receptor on outside of plasma membrane-->
2. G protein activated
3. Activated G protein activates a specific plasma membrane enzyme (namesake)
4. ATP used to generate second messenger cAMP
5. cAMP activates protein kinase A, a phosphorylating enzyme-->activation or inhibition
of target
adrenocorticotropic hormone - ANS-Hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the
adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids (ex-cortisol).
Release stimulated by corticotropin releasing hormone from hypothalamus.
angiotensin II - ANS-active form of angiotensinogen
angiotensinogen - ANS-Inactive hormone secrete by liver. Converted to activated form
via enzymes from kidneys and lung blood vessels.
Active form of hormone helps raise BP--vessel constriction, decrease urine output,
stimulates thirst.
antagonistic - ANS-Glucagon works to raise the blood glucose levels when too low &
insulin works to lower blood glucose levels when too high--both have same goal of
maintaining a normal blood glucose level. This is an example of _____ hormone
interaction.
anterior - ANS-Both lobes of the pituitary gland secrete hormones, but ONLY the _____
lobe produces them.
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANS-Hormone that stimulates water retention & decreases
urine output to maintain blood volume--stimulates thirst and constricts blood vessels,
raising BP.
Produced by hypothalamus, released by posterior pituitary.
, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - ANS-Hormone secreted by the atria of the heart that
lowers BP, increases urine output, & dilates blood vessels.
autocrine - ANS-_____ stimulation is when local hormones have effects on the same
cell where they were formed.
biogenic amines - ANS-Steroids and thyroid hormone are _____ _____ (class of
hormones).
biogenic amines - ANS-Thyroid hormones, catecholamines (norepinephrine,
epinephrine, dopamine), and melatonin are what class of hormones?
bulbourethral glands - ANS-Produces pre-ejaculatory fluid
calcitonin - ANS-Hormone secreted by parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland that
regulates blood calcium by decreasing levels when too high.
Antagonistic relationship w/PTH
can - ANS-Steroids _____ cross the plasma membrane.
cannot - ANS-Biogenic amines ____ cross the plasma membrane (exception TH)
cannot - ANS-Peptides/proteins _____ cross the plasma membrane.
carrier proteins - ANS-Lipid soluble hormones travel in the blood with the help of _____
_____.
catecholamines - ANS-Biogenic amines secreted by the adrenal medulla that affect the
sympathetic nervous system in stress response (epinephrine, norepinephrine)
corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) - ANS-Name the hormone produced in the
hypothalamus that stimulates the secretion of ACTH.
down regulation - ANS-_____ _____ decreases # of receptors in response to elevated
hormone concentration in the blood. Occurs when hormone is "chronically available."
**decreases sensitivity
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