AP Government and Politics Crash Course
Chapter 4: Federalism
Confederate Government - ✅✅ -System of Government where the power is
vested in several powerful states with one weak national government. The US
under the Articles was a Confederacy
Federal Government - ✅✅ -Power is divided by a written Constitution where
power is split among a national and smaller local governments. The US and
Canada are examples.
McCullough v. Maryland (1819) and Implied Powers - ✅✅ -Congress chartered
the Second National Bank of the United States in 1816, but the MD Legi passed
a law imposing a tax on the Baltimore branch of the bank. However J.
McCullough refused to pay the tax, he was ruled against in the MD courts so he
went to the top. Constitutional Q: Does the Constituion permit Congress to
charter a bank? Does the state have a constituional right to tax and agency of the
national government? The Constitution allows Congress to create a national
bank through the Necessary and Proper Clause, but taxation of a government
property is a violation of national supremacy (in its sphere).
Milestones in Establishing National Supremacy - ✅✅-"The Cardinal Question",
McCullough v. Maryland, Nullification and the Civil War, Gibbons v. Ogden,
Expansion of the Commerce Clause, The Struggle over School Desegregation
The Cardinal Question - ✅✅ -W. Wilson believed that te relationship between
the national and state governments were the cardinal question of our
constitutional system, and he further oberserved that the relationship cannot be
settled by one generation because of the growth of the nation.
The Constitutional Division of Powers: Both and Neither - ✅✅
-The Founding
Fathers chose federalism because the Confederation was weak and the
Revolution was fought against a unitary government. Some powers are
concurrent, which are powers exercised by both the national government and
state governments. For example, both can levy taxes and set up courts.
Prohibited powers are powers that one or both governments cannot do. The
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