Planned every possible question, both 12 and 30 marker
3 examples per point (at least) with synoptic links and analysis
Learn these and knowledge will not be a problem for your A Level!!
D- Kantian triangle
Countries act with rational egoism
States and their fortunes are inextricably linked
Shared solutions
E- e.g EU
Harmony between US and China- China ignoring sanctions on Xijing
A- Tensions are rising as China becomes increasingly influences
Allies with Afghanistan
Thucydides trap
,Analyse the differing perspectives of realism and liberalism when it
comes to human rights protection.
I- Realists are sceptical regarding universalism
D- States prioritise national interest over global views of morality
Importance on power dynamics
Hobbesian
realpolitik
Powerful states may choose to violate or protect human rights as
needed
E- Uyghur muslim human rights violations in China vs child labour laws
in Bolivia
A- Does believe states can act rationally and may do
If powerful states promote human rights, the globe may follow- prioritises
state sovereignty
I- States advocate protection of human rights as they are centred on the
individual
D- Lockean state of nature
Significance of rule of law
Endorse intervention
Hold states to account
E- STY - led to 161 indictments
Importance of ICC- Al Bashir
A- ICC has not been ratified by US, China, Russia
Universalism has led to spread of human rights protection- e.g Costa
Rica
, Analyse the differing perspectives of realists and liberals when it
comes to tackling environmental issues
I- As states are self-interested, environmental issues are tackled weakly
D- Often viewed through the lens of resource competition
Prioritise survival and power
Contingent on national interests
E- UAE using COP28 to make oil deals
Industrial economies advocating for their own industrialisation to be
prioritised
A- Diplomacy continues to occur
States as self-interested realise environmental issues require
collaborative efforts
I- Liberals advocate for the potential of international collaboration
D- through establishing international norms and treaties
Fukuyama’s end point
Nye’s soft power
Requires collective management
E- COP28 agreement to phase down emissions
A- managed to bring people together
Limited as language is non-committal
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