Exam (elaborations)
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION CHAPTER 1-4 STUDY GUIDE #3.
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION CHAPTER 1-4 STUDY GUIDE #3.
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Seller
Follow
Content preview
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION CHAPTER 1-4 STUDY GUIDE #3Civil liability - person's risk of being sued. Any person acting under the authority of law
who violates another person's constitutional rights can be sued
Community policing - philosophy that the police must work with the community through
partnerships and problem solving to address problems of crime and disorder; a belief
that by working together, the police and the community can accomplish what neither
can accomplish alone
Crime - act or omission forbidden by law and punishable by a fine, imprisonment or
death. Crimes and their penalties are established and defined by state and federal
statutes and local ordinaces
Crime mapping - focuses on the location of crimes - the hotspots where most crimes
occur - rather than on the criminal
Criminal intent - performing an unlawful act on purpose, knowing the act to be illegal.
Criminal investigation - seeking all facts associated with a crime to determine the truth:
what happened and who is responsible
Criminal statute - legislative act relating to crime and its punishment
Criminalist - a person who searches for, collects and preserves physical evidence in the
investigation of crime and suspected criminals. Also a crime scene technician, examiner
or investigator
Criminalistics - branch of forensic science involved with the recording, identification and
interpretation of the minutiae (minute details) of physical evidence
Culturally adroit - skilled in interacting across gender, ethnic, generational, social and
political group lines
Data mining - process that uses powerful analytical tools to quickly and thoroughly
explore mountains of data to discover new patterns or confirm suspected patterns or
trends
Deductive reasoning - a logical process in which a conclusion follows from specific
facts; a reconstructive process based on specific pieces of evidence to establish proof
that a suspect is guilty of an offense
Elements of the crime - conditions that must exist and be proven to exist for an act to be
called a specific kind of crime
, Exculpatory evidence - physical evidence favorable to the accused, that would clear the
accused of blame; for example, having a blood type different from that found at a
homicide
Fact - an action, an event, a circumstance or an actual thing done
Felony - major crime such as homicide, aggravated assault or robbery. Usually carries a
penalty of imprisonment in a state penitentiary or death
Forensic science - application of the physical sciences and their technology to examine
physical evidence of crimes; includes the branch of criminalistics
Hot spots - geographic areas with a higher incidence rate of criminal activity
Inductive reasoning - making a generalization and establishing it by gathering specific
facts
Inference - a process of reasoning by which a fact may be deduced
Intuition - a "sudden knowing" without any conscious reasoning or apparent logic.
Based on knowledge and experience or what is commonly called street sense. An
intangible urge; a "gut feeling" developed by experience
Investigate - to observe or study closely; to inquire into something systematically in a
search for truthful information
Leads - avenues bearing clues or potential sources of information relevant to solving a
crime
Locards's principle of exchange - basic forensic theory that objects that come in contact
with each other always transfer material, however minute, to each other
Misdemeanor - minor crimes such as shoplifting or pilferage; less serious than a felony.
Usually carries a fine or a short sentence in a county or municipal jail
Modus operandi (mo) - characteristic way a criminal commits a specific type of crime
Opinion - personal belief
Ordinance - act of the legislative body of a municipality or county relating to all the rules
governing the municipality or county, including misdemeanor crime
Res gestae statements - spontaneous statements made at the time a crime is
committed and closely related to actions involved in the crime. Considered more truthful
than latter, planned responses.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller puritywanjihia. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £10.80. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
78140 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now