Exam (elaborations)
UNIT 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 MN 551 PATHO EXAM FULLY SOLVED #4
- Module
- MN 551-PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- Institution
- MN 551-PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
UNIT 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 MN 551 PATHO EXAM FULLY SOLVED #4
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UNIT 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 MN 551 PATHO EXAM FULLY SOLVED#4
The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung cancer is
distraught at his visible body wasting that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the
following phenomena best accounts for the patient's anorexia and cachexia? - correct
answer Products of the tumor itself as well as a hypermetabolic state cause cachexia
A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two different genes,
neither of which could have produced the trait independently. Which of the following
explanations best captures the genetic explanation for this? - correct answer The
outcome is the result of the interaction between collaborative genes.
A 45-year-old patient who experienced exposure to radiation during an industrial
accident several years prior is being assessed. Which of the following phenomena may
underlie the genetic changes that have been noted in the patient? - correct answer
Base pairs may have been rearranged by the radiation exposure.
Which of the following pregnant women has most likely encountered the greatest
increase in the risk that her child will have a fetal anomaly? - correct answer A woman
who has herpes simplex and recently recovered from endocarditis
The nurse practitioner is providing care for a patient with a diagnosis of cirrhosis, and he
notes that the patient's sclerae are jaundiced. The nurse practitioner recalls that
jaundice is caused by excess accumulation of bilirubin, a pigment that can accumulate
in which part of the cell? - correct answer Cytoplasm
A patient who has a diagnosis of lung cancer is scheduled to begin radiation treatment.
The NP providing pretreatment education is explaining some of the potential unwanted
effects of the treatment. Which of the following statements by the nurse is most
accurate? - correct answer "Some patients experience longer-term irritation of skin
adjacent to the treatment site."
A male patient of a nurse practitioner has an autosomal dominant disorder. The patient
and his partner are considering starting a family. Which of the patient's following
statements indicates the patient has an adequate understanding of the genetic basis of
this health problem? - correct answer "I know that a single mutant allele is to blame for
the health problem."
A group of researchers has identified that the prevalence of two particular genetic
disorders share a statistical correlation. Which of the following statements best conveys
the genetic rationale for this situation? - correct answer The genes causing each
disorder are likely in the same section of the same chromosome.
The NP is working with a family whose daughter has been recently diagnosed with the
chromosomal disorder Turner syndrome. The NP would recognize that which of the
,following statements about the characteristics of human chromosomes is accurate? -
correct answer Autosomes contain the determination of an individual's sex.
The NP is teaching a group of older adults about the value of including foods containing
antioxidants in their diet. Which of the following statements best captures the rationale
underlying the nps advice? - correct answer Antioxidants inhibit the actions of reactive
oxygen species (ROS).
Which target of both chemotherapy and radiation treatment accounts for adverse as
well as therapeutic effects? - correct answer Rapidly proliferating cells
Which of the following patients of a primary care nurse practitioner would not require
extra screening for cancer? - correct answer A 38-year-old female with Down syndrome
and congenital scoliosis
A 7-year-old boy is admitted to the hospital with a suspected diagnosis of lead toxicity.
Which of the following assessment findings is most congruent with the patient's
diagnosis? Hi - correct answer Hemoglobin 9.9 g/dl
The NP is providing care for a 21-year-old female patient with gas gangrene of a
compound fracture in her arm. Which of the following assessment findings would the
nurse most reasonably expect to find when caring for a patient with a diagnosis of gas
gangrene? - correct answer Spreading edema
A community health nurse practitioner is teaching a group of female high school
students about the importance of regular Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. The nurse
recognizes that which of the following items underlies the rationale for this teaching? -
correct answer Cancer of the uterine cervix develops incrementally at a cellular level.
Which of the following statements most accurately conveys an aspect of cell injury due
to impaired calcium homeostasis? - correct answer Injured cells tend to accumulate
calcium.
A woman is surprised to read on the Internet that certain infections can cause cancer
and has sought clarification from her nurse practitioner during an office visit. How can
the NP best respond to the woman's query? - correct answer "There are many viruses,
but only a very few of them have been shown to cause cancer in humans."
The nurse practitioner working in occupational health has been asked to speak to a
group of factory workers about the importance of wearing gloves when working with
strong chemicals such as turpentine and paint thinner. Which of the following
characteristics of cell membranes underlies the nurse's teaching? - correct answer Cell
membranes are impermeable to all but lipid-soluble substances.
,A 6-year-old girl with a diagnosis of Marfan syndrome is being assessed at a community
health clinic. Which of the following assessments would be the health care
professional's lowest priority? - correct answer Tests of kidney function
A nurse practitioner employed in a hospitalist notices that a patient is experiencing
muscle atrophy following 2 weeks in traction after a motor vehicle accident. Which of the
following factors has most likely contributed to the atrophy of the patient's muscle cells?
- correct answer A reduction of skeletal muscle use secondary to the traction treatment
A nurse practitioner is educating a patient with a recent diagnosis of diabetes about the
roles that glucose and insulin play in the disease pathology and the fact that glucose
must enter the cell in order to provide energy for the patient. The nurse practitioner
knows that which of the following processes allows glucose to enter body cells - correct
answer Facilitated diffusion
A researcher is involved in the production of insulin through recombinant DNA
technology. Which of the following statements could the researcher best provide as a
rationale for her work? - correct answer The gene fragment responsible for insulin
production can be isolated and reproduced.
A student nurse practitioner asks her preceptor about the origins of different tissues,
and their cellular origins during the process of development. Which of the following
statements by the preceptor best describes the process of cell differentiation? - correct
answer "A fertilized ovum undergoes a series of divisions, yielding many different cell
types."
A 77-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of stomach cancer has been found to have
metastases in his liver. The patient and his family are surprised at this turn of events,
stating that they don't see how he could have developed cancer in his liver. Which of the
following facts would underlie the reply that the care team provides? - correct answer
The portal circulatory system brings venous blood from the gastrointestinal tract into the
liver.
The nurse practitioner is seeing a client who has an acute exacerbation of Crohn's
disease. The NP recognizes the fact that the disease involves the inflammation and
irritation of the intestinal lining. Which of the following types of tissue is most likely
involved in the patient's pathology? - correct answer Simple columnar epithelium
An infant who is four days postpartum has been diagnosed with a single-gene disorder.
The parents of the child have a number of questions about the etiology of the health
problem, which the physician is attempting to address in detail. Which of the following
teaching points most accurately captures an aspect of single-gene congenital
disorders? - correct answer A particular defect can be caused by mutations at one of
several different loci.
, Following a biopsy, a 54-year-old man has been diagnosed as having a benign
neoplastic tumor. Which of the following characteristics most likely applies to his tumor?
- correct answer The well-differentiated neoplastic cells are clustered together in a
single mass.
As part of an orientation to a genetic counseling practice, a group of medical students is
differentiating between autosomal recessive disorders and autosomal dominant
disorders. Which of the following statements is true of autosomal recessive disorders? -
correct answer They tend to have a more uniform symptomatology than autosomal
dominant disorders.
A nurse practitioner employed in the emergency department admits a patient who has
experienced severe frostbite to his hands and toes after becoming lost on a ski trail. The
NP recognizes that which of the following phenomena has caused the tissue damage? -
correct answer Decreased blood flow has induced hypoxia.
A new older female patient at a long-term care facility has a diagnosis of type 1
neurofibromatosis (NF-1). As part of the intake assessment protocol for the facility, the
clinical educator is teaching the care staff about the diagnosis. Which of the following
statements most accurately conveys an aspect of neurofibromatosis? - correct answer
"Her diagnosis puts her at higher risk of developing a malignant neoplasm."
Cytoplasm - correct answer composed of water, proteins, neutral fats, and glycogen.
Eukatyote - correct answer an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryote - correct answer unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus
DNA - correct answer within the nucleus, which serves as the template for making all
the RNA
RNA - correct answer later used to direct the synthesis of proteins in the cytoplasm.
Ribosomes - correct answer site of protein synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - correct answer An internal membrane system with
ribosomes on its surface where proteins are assembled
Golgi complex - correct answer organelle that modifies, packages, and transports
material out of the cell.
Lysosomes - correct answer cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down
certain materials in the cell
Perioxisomes - correct answer contains a special enzyme that degrades perioxides
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