Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 38 Oxygenation and Perfusion ATI Chapter 53
Chapter 38 Oxygenation and Perfusion ATI Chapter 53
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Chapter 38 Oxygenation and PerfusionATI Chapter 53
Normal Functioning of Respiratory System - correct answer-Performs
functions through pulmonary ventilation, respiration & perfusion. Normal
functioning depends on three factors: 1. integrity of the airway systems, 2.
properly functioning alveolar system (oxygenated venous blood & remove
CO2) 3. properly functioning cardiovascular & hematological system.
Upper Airway Functions & Components - correct answer-Function: humidify,
warm and filer
Components: nose, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis
Lower Airway Functions & Components (Tracheobronchial Tree) - correct
answer-Function: conduction, mucociliary clearance, product of surfactant.
Components: trachea, R & L mainstem bronchi, segmental bronchi, terminal
bronchioles
Anatomy of the Lungs - correct answer-Located in thoracic cavity R & L sides.
Base of diaphragm to apex above first rib. The R lung has 3 lobes and 10
bronchopulmonary segments. The L lung has 2 lobes and 8
bronchopulmonary segments. Made of elastic tissue ( alveoli, surfactant,
pleura)
Pulmonary Ventilation - correct answer-Pulmonary Ventilation- the movement
of air in & out of the lungs. (breathing)-- has two phases:
1. Inspiration- active phase of ventilation, involves movements of muscles &
thorax to bring air in.
2. Expiration- the passive phase of ventilation, air out of the lungs.
Respiration- gas exchange between air in alveoli & blood.
Perfusion- oxygenated blood passes through body tissues.
Process of Ventilation (Inspiration) - correct answer-Diaphragm contracts &
descends, lengthening thoracic cavity. The external intercostal muscles
contract, lifting the ribs up & out. The sternum is pushed forward, enlarging the
chest from front to back. Increased lung volume and decreased intrapulmonic
pressure allow air to move from and area of greater pressure (outside lungs)
to lesser pressure (inside lungs).
, Gas Exchange - correct answer-Gas exhange- intake of O2 & release of CO2.
Respiration & perfusion. Respiration occurs via diffusion.
Factors Influencing Diffusion - correct answer-1. change in surface area
2.thickening of alveolar-capillary membrane
3. partial pressure
4.soulibilty & molecular weight of gas
Atelectasis - correct answer-incomplete lung expansion or collapse of the
alveoli
Transport of Respiratory Gases - correct answer-O2 is carried in the body via
plasma & RBCs. 97% of O2 is carried by RBCs in the form of oxyhemoglobin.
Hemoglobin also carries CO2 in the form of carboxyhemoglobin. Internal
respiration must occur in the blood & tissue.
Pulse Ox Measurements - correct answer->97% normal
<95% acceptable
90% and below abnormal
Hypoxia - correct answer-inadequate amount of O2
Dyspnea - correct answer-difficulty breathing
Hypoventilation - correct answer-decreased rate or depth of air movement into
the lungs
CV System - correct answer-Vital for exchange of gases. Composed of the
heart & blood vessels. Heart is cone shaped, muscular pump, divide into 4
chambers. The upper chambers: the atria- receive blood from superior &
inferior vena cava & R & L pulmonary veins. The lower chambers: the
ventricles- force blood out of the heart through the arteries (the L & R
pulmonary arteries & aorta)
Dysrhythmia/Arrythmia - correct answer-disturbance of rhythm of heart
Myocardial Ischemia - correct answer-decrease O2 supply, insufficient blood
supply
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