COMD 5070 exam 1
3D spectrogram features - correct answer-X axis =time /Y axis= frequency /darkness
=intensity
4 features of the scientific method - correct answer-1) Science is empirical- we collect data
and interpret it (based on data)
2) Science is Deterministic - Things are not random. Because of cause and effect, we can
draw generalizations from the data that we have and extrapolate
3) Science is predictive - if you do this, then that will happen.
4) Science is parsimonious - use the simplest explanation possible, try to describe things in
economical terms so we can understand it. Use the simplest terms possible, but no simpler.
A person's ability to go from soft to loud varies depending : - correct answer-On pitch
Aliasing - correct answer-When sampling too slowly, you will inaccurately record the original
signal. High, original frequencies will be improperly recorded as lower frequencies. Think of
the sine wave, where only certain dots were captured, so the original waveform is "smoothed
out" or aliased.
Analog - correct answer-Any change in air pressure results in commensurate change in
electrical signal. Analogous to a thermometer, as temperature increases, mercury rises.
Electrical signal through the wire from the microphone is an analog representation of the
sound waveform that the microphone picked up. Nature of signal precisely reflects the
nature of the sound wave that arrived.
at high intensity, - correct answer-the sounds seem to be equal in loudness to intensity.
Band pass filter - correct answer-Removes high and low frequencies but lets through the
frequencies in the middle
Band reject filter - correct answer-Allows all frequencies except for a specific band in the
middle.
Bit resolution - correct answer-number of "shades of gray" to represent the number of
amplitude values. Bit resolution is represented by the exponent 2 squared - 2 bit resolution,
2 to the 16th - 16 bit resolution.
Common analog devices - correct answer-clocks, watches, thermometers, tape measure,
dimmer switch, tape recorder.
Common digital devices - correct answer-digital clocks, computer, CD, MP3 player. - things
that work with 1's and 0's.
Digital signal - correct answer-the signal is digital, not the sound, your ears don't hear digits.
Digital storage format is more convenient and clearer
, electroglottograph - correct answer-Has 2 electrodes that are placed on either side of the
larynx directly on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage. A current passes from one to the other
through the vocal folds.
Equal loudness contours - correct answer-Created by presenting a known frequency (1,000
Hz) and then other tones are played and the listener has to adjust the loudness until it
sounds the same as the 1,000 Hz tone
FFT spectrum - correct answer-Fast fourier transform - clearly shows range of harmonics
that are present in a complex sound. Shows source but not filter ( formants - articulators) -
individual peaks for the harmonics
Fourier transform - correct answer-a way to analyze complex sounds by separating them
into their components
Fourier transform is similar to - correct answer-light through a spectrum, it separates out the
individual colors, like a FT separates out the individual sine waves. So you can now hear all
of the individual sounds that make up the harmonic series - this is the spectrum /
frequency/domain display. Similar to a list of ingredients of a cake.
Frequency - correct answer-how frequently a waveform repeats. Measured in Hz (cycles per
second). Within the same window length, a higher frequency sound wave will show more
repetitions than a lower frequency sound wave
Frequency Difference limen - correct answer-smallest change in frequency that is detectable
by a listener. As frequency increases, the DL becomes much greater
Frequency domain display - correct answer-is a line spectrum that shows the frequency
components of a periodic sound. Frequency is on the X axis and amplitude is on the Y.
general rule is that a 6-10 dB increase - correct answer-is generally perceived as double as
loud
Graphic representation; - correct answer-join the dots: the more dots, the better the image,
the fewer, the cruder
Greatest sensitivity to loudness is between - correct answer-1,000 - 5,000 Hz, threshold is
much higher at very low or very high frequencies
Harmonic Series - correct answer-has harmonics that are multiples of the fundamental and
are complex, periodic waveforms which are more pleasing to our ears.
High pass filter - correct answer-allows high frequencies and attenuates low frequencies
High speed filming - correct answer-Creates a video of the vocal folds, not clinically practical
because of cost and complexity
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