COMD 5070 - Final Exam
a line spectrum is a _______ in time. - correct answer-snapshot
a semitone is always 1/__th of an octave. - correct answer-1/12th
as you lower tongue and jaw, you ______ F1 frequency. - correct answer-increase
as you move tongue backward, (increase/decrease) F2 frequency. - correct
answer-decrease
as you move tongue forward, (increase/decrease) F2 frequency. - correct answer-increase
as you raise tongue and jaw, you ______ F1 frequency. - correct answer-decrease
do we need language competence to perceive phonetic differences? - correct answer-NO
during early childhood, auditory feedback is _______ for learning how to make certain
sounds but ________ later in life. - correct answer-essential (early on)
not as necessary later in life (closed-loop feedback is inappropriate for speaking)
EMG intramusuclar electrodes are for what? - correct answer-fine detail
EMG surface electrodes are for what? - correct answer-overall activity measures of larger
muscles
Flow during oral consonants indicates _______. - correct answer-leakage
for a voiced stop, how long is the stop gap? - correct answer-short
hoarse voices have (high/low) perturbation. - correct answer-higher
how can you estimate subglottal pressure? - correct answer-produce voiceless bilabial
plosive (pah, pah, pah)
-this is when oral pressure equals subglottal pressure
how can you measure flow? - correct answer-pneumotachograph
how can you vary the FILTER behavior? - correct answer-tongue/jaw movement
how can you vary the SOURCE behavior?
-loudness
-pitch
-voice quality - correct answer-loudness - more force from lungs
pitch - stretch vocal folds to increase tension
voice quality - breathy? adjust space between arytenoids
, how do semitones correlate to our pitch perception? - correct answer-both systems are not
linear
-difference in fundamental frequencies between males and females will have a similar
standard deviation in semitones
how do we know a baby hears phonetic differences? - correct answer-infant heart rate drops
for novel stimuli
how do we parse words from a stream of sounds? - correct answer-some top-down
processing is essential
-reliance on linguistic knowledge (of person, topic, setting) to create expectations
-clears ambiguities from early processing
how do you calculate average air flow? - correct answer-dividing volume used by time
-for example, if 1 liter of air is used and phonation lasts for 5 seconds
-average flow = 1/5 liters per second = 0.2 L/s
how does categorical perception differ from continuous perception? - correct answer-While
both continuous and categorical perception have no right or wrong responses, they differ in
that categorical perception represents a binary, one choice or another, whereas continuous
perception offers a range of choices. In the loudness chart, two people can have drastically
different perceptions of how loud a tone is. In the da/ta plot, there are only two choices, and
most people's crossover points should lie within 20 ms of each other.
how does electromagnetic articulography work? - correct answer--uses several
electromagnetic signals
-each transmitter has its own frequency
-wires to each sensor
how does magnetic jaw tracking work? - correct answer--single permanent magnet attached
to teeth
-headset detects magnet movements
how does Ohm's law relate to the voice (equation)? - correct answer-laryngeal airway
resistance = subglottic pressure / air flow
how does the tongue move during acoustically identified phoneme boundaries? - correct
answer-dynamically and constantly
how is F0 affected by enthusiastic intonation? - correct answer-higher average and
maximum F0
how is phonetic memory acquired? - correct answer-repeated exposure to sounds
how many microphones are involved in acoustic nasometry? - correct answer-two
how many semitones are in one octave? - correct answer-12 semitones
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