Biol 105 Final Lab Exam IVY Tech
Zygote? - ANS-a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a
fertilized ovum.
What does mitosis do? - ANS-Makes new cells for growth and repair
What is Cancer ? - ANS-uncontrolled cell division
G1 phase - ANS-metabolic activities, building up and breaking down macro molecules,
this also the phase that initiates mitosis
S phase - ANS-The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during
which DNA is replicated.
Centromere - ANS-Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach
G2 phase - ANS-Growth and preparation for cell division
M-phase - ANS-The phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis.
crossing over - ANS-exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
during prophase I of meiosis
synapsis - ANS-the fusion of chromosome pairs at the start of meiosis.
Heterozygous - ANS-An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Homozygous - ANS-An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Dominant - ANS-An allele that is always expressed
Recessive - ANS-An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
Trait - ANS-A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its
genes.
Phenotype - ANS-An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
, Genotype - ANS-An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
Allele - ANS-Different forms of a gene
Gene - ANS-A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
spontaneous generation - ANS-the mistaken idea that living things can arise from
nonliving sources
Biogenesis - ANS-the production of living organisms from other living organisms
normal flora - ANS-bacteria which are found in or on our bodies on a semi-permanent
basis without causing disease
nutrient broth - ANS-commonly used liquid complex medium for culture growth
Agar - ANS-solidifying agent for nutrient broth
fastidious - ANS-Will not grown well in unsupplemented broth or agar
heat fixing - ANS-kills the bacteria, makes them adhere to the slide, and coagulates
cytoplasmic proteins to make them more visible
Gram-positive bacteria - ANS-Bacteria that have a thick peptido glycan cell wall, and no
outer membrane. They stain very darkly (purple) in Gram stain.
Gram-negative bacteria - ANS-Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall covered
by an outer plasma membrane. They stain very lightly (pink) in Gram stain.
Gram-negative bacteria are typically more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive
bacteria.
What is the primary stain in gram staining ? - ANS-crystal violet
Gram's iodine does what? - ANS-It is a mordant meaning it helps the stain attach to the
cell better.
What is the purpose of the ethanol in gram staining? - ANS-It is a decolorizing agent. In
Gram negative cells the thinner layer of peptidogylcan has larger pores to allow for
alcohol to penetrate and remove the aggregated crystal violet. The color remains in the
Gram positive. The ethanol
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