Chemistry 103 Exam 1 Study Guide
Questions
_______ refers to how much matter there is in a given object, whereas ___________ refers
to the force with which the object is attracted by gravity - correct answer-mass, weight
___________ is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass - correct
answer-matter
___________ refers to how close repeated measurements come to their average. - correct
answer-Precision
____________ ____________ are transformations that alter the chemical compositions of
substances - correct answer-chemical reactions
____________ properties are independent of sample size, while ____________ properties
depend on sample size. - correct answer-Intensive; extensive
_____________ ________________ are composed of two atoms each. Name some
examples - correct answer-diatomic molecules; H2, O2, N2, Cl2
_____________ can have variable compositions - correct answer-Mixtures
_____________ compounds are substances that are not derived from hydrocarbons. -
correct answer-inorganic
______________ refers to how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value -
correct answer-Accuracy
_______________ are discrete particles made up of two or more atoms - correct
answer-molecules
_________________ _____________ is a kind of indirect analysis in which a scientist burns
a sample to determine the empirical formula of a substance. - correct answer-combustion
analysis
__________________ __________ are ions that are themselves composed of two or more
atoms linked by the same kinds of bonds that hold molecules together. - correct
answer-polyatomic ions
A ________ property is one that can be observed without changing the chemical makeup of
a substance, while a ________ property describes how a substance undergoes a chemical
change/reaction. - correct answer-physical; chemical
, A __________ ___________ is the smallest unit of an ionic compound - correct
answer-formula unit
A __________ is a positively charged ion and an __________ is a negatively charged ion -
correct answer-cation, anion
A _____________ _______________ is a fraction formed from a valid equality or
equivalence between units and is used to switch from one system of measurement and units
to another - correct answer-conversion factor
A ________________ mixture has the same properties throughout the sample and is called
a ________________ - correct answer-homogeneous; solution
A ___________________ mixture consists of two or more regions, called _____________
that differ in properties - correct answer-heterogeneous; phases
An actual yield is an ___________________ determined quantity, while the theoretical yield
is always a _______________ quantity based on a chemical equation and the amounts of
the reactants available. - correct answer-experimentally; calculated
As a general rule, molecular compounds are formed when _______________ elements
combine (as opposed to ionic compounds, which are formed when a _____________ reacts
with a _____________). - correct answer-nonmetallic; metal; nonmetal
Balance as a group those _____________ ___________ that appear unchanged on both
sides of the arrow. - correct answer-polyatomic ions
Can you still construct conversion factors from equivalencies? - correct answer-yes
Compounds whose crystals contain water molecules in fixed ratios are called
______________ - correct answer-hydrates
Dalton's atomic theory states that matter consists of tiny particles called _____________ -
correct answer-atoms
Dalton's theory also states that atoms are ____________: in chemical reactions, atoms can
rearrange but they do not themselves break apart. - correct answer-indestructable
Dalton's theory also states that in a given compound the constituent atoms are always
present in the same fixed numerical ____________ - correct answer-ratio
Density is an _____________ property - correct answer-intensive
Digits that result from a measurement such that only the digit farthest to the right is not
known with certainty are called ______________ _______________. - correct
answer-significant figures
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