ENGL 1514:Midterm Collaborative Study
Guide Flash Cards
AAVE Features - correct answer-Habitual "be"
Ex: "I be saying hello", "I don't be offering you my gurb"
Interesting because often misused by people imitating AAVE
"Aks" and "ask"
Copula omission/deletion "He fine", "She pretty"
Consonant cluster reduction "lef" instead of "left"
Higher rates than other English dialects, present in ALL dialects to varying degrees
Actuation Problem - correct answer-Why did this happen when it did?
"Actuation" → something starting
Age Grading - correct answer-Something an age group is known to do a lot of.
I.e., teens swearing a lot
Apparent Time Hypothesis - correct answer-a sociolinguistic construct, which assumes that
most features of language are acquired during childhood and remain relatively unchanged
throughout an individual's lifetime once that individual is past a certain age.
British English - correct answer-Intervocalic /t/
Non-Rhotic
BATH-TRAP split
TH-fronting
Categorical - correct answer-A group uses a given variant 100% of the time. The other group
uses it 0% of the time
Change from above - correct answer-Being consciously pushed, people aware of it.
Example: Hungarian switch from Austrian to German, knew German would lead to more
economic activities.
Change from below - correct answer-Not consciously recognized as a thing (in the
community)
Change in Progress - correct answer-Young people are doing something different that they
will keep throughout their whole lives
, Conflict - correct answer-The system is designed so that there are losers. If you are born into
a lower class, it's hard to move. Winners exploit the system selfishly
Controlling conversation - correct answer-Interruptions
SIlences
Minimal feedback
More women
New topic support
Tag questions
Descriptive - correct answer-How people actually talk.
Dialect - correct answer-represents a commonly held way of speaking for a community,
admitting to only minor variations in structure.
Dipthong - correct answer-when the mouth/tongue change while moving between two vowel
I.e., Kite -> the I sound moves to an E sound
Embedding - correct answer-How language changes might be intertwined with social factors.
Example: How women lead sound change
Emic - correct answer-approach of studying a culture's behavior from the perspective of an
insider
Enregistered - correct answer-strong place connection/variation known by others
Ethnicity - correct answer-Socially constructed
Multiple
You choose
Ethnolects - correct answer-dialect associated with an ethnic group
I.e., Black english, hispanic/latin english, native american english, jewish english, asian
english, white english
Ethnonyms - correct answer-the terms we have for people of different ethnicities
Etic - correct answer-description of local behavior and beliefs from the anthropologist's
perspective in ways that can be compared across cultures.
Functional - correct answer-Different parts of society interdependent, all contribute to
functioning society. Social consensus and cohesion. If you work hard you can move up. Not
all winners are selfish
Functional Conflict - correct answer-When people talk about class, assume that lower class
people would use upper-class features if they could.
Rickford says no. Some people just don't want to use these features. "Buying out of the
system"
-"I don't want to sound rich"
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