Henry VIII
"Changes in religion in reign of Henry VIII up to 1540 occurred because of Cromwell" -
correct answer-Cromwell - iconoclasm, saw the Becket shrine as the "devil incarnate£
dissolution of monastries subsequent to Valor ecclesiasticus in 1536, september suspended
the authority of every bishop in the country so that six cannon lawyers he had appointed as
his agents could complete surveys, restricted privieleges witholding rights such as visitation
and probate, lucrative fees, 32,000 gained for himself, issues with Norfolk over monastic
land. 1536 Great Bible, Calais nest of heretics, Lambert, Lisle, Cleves marriage 1539 and
Schmalkaldic League
"Henry may have made himself supreme head of the church of England but he did little else
to change the church" - correct answer-Theology- ten articles v six articles, Augsburg
confession, Melanchton, White horse tavern, vernacular of Tyndale 1526, "all prophets
spoke in the mother tongue" an extension of Lollardy. In Praise of Folly 1506 , More Utopia
1516, Cardinal College. Cahdwick states the simplicity directness and reshness and
perseverance of Luther character seen in translation . supplication against the beggards
Matusiak "rotting edifice" , 1528 Obeidence of Christian Man and de Vera Obedientia
"princes ought to be obeyed by commandment of God"
"The King's ministers served Henry VIII well but served themselves better" - correct
answer-Wolsey- himself: vice opulence of Hampton court and York place processions in
ermine and satin, entertained extravagently, and had an entourage which far out nnumbered
that of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and attend the royal pageants with seventy servants,
whereas Wolsey turned up with 300 or more. Joan Lark birth of Thomas Wynter in 1510
lavish ecclesiastical preferement. St Albans. 1525 cardinal college priory of St frideswie,
treaty of London 1518, Guistiniani "arbiter of Christendom" . More "vainglorious beyond all
measure2, Pollard argues pursued the papal tiara, alter rex. papal legate and cardinal 1518,
Amyas Paulet failure of the Amicable Grant.
King: field of the cloth of gold 13,000 pounds, 1,100 pearls. Starkey "diplomat of distinction"
propagandist , the natural law and the court of requests, and 1522 largest survey since the
Doomsday book, bypassing of parliamnt in 1525 in a bid to allow personal monarchy. 1527
Blackfriars court, Campeggio "not all in favour". Altruistic almoner
1521 - correct answer-Defence of the seven sacraments and support of the pope authority in
Rome and for this had been granted the title of Fidei Defensor, Deo Gratis or defender of the
faith by the grace of God, strengthen royal power
1529 - correct answer-parliament was encouraged to voice anti clerical feelings and Thomas
Cromwell MP began collecting evidence of abuses
1530 - correct answer-revival of medieval law of praemanurie 15 of the upper clergy were
charged with supporting Wolsey abuse of power against the king, scholars from Oxford and
cambridge sent to European universities to find support for Henry divorce
,1531 - correct answer-Henry pardoned the clergy of crimes against him but demanded
should recognise him as the sole protector and supreme head of the church, a comrpomise
was reached, he was accepted as supreme head as far as the law of Christ allows
1533 - correct answer-January secret marriage as Boleyn pregnant, act in restraint of
appeals was passed by parliament denying Henry subjects the right to appeal to pope
against decisions in English church courts, this law effectively prevented Catherine of
Aragon seeking the pope arbitration when divorce by the courts
1534 - correct answer-act of first fruits and tenths allowed Henry to tax the church taxes
previously paid to pope when a person was appointed as first fruits and then one tenth of
income every year, act of supremacy gave henry power to supervise and reform all religious
establishments in England
1535 - correct answer-Cromwell sent out commissioners to survey the value of monastic
lands and properties and produce the report of the valor ecclesiasticus and the value of the
church Cromwell sent out second set of commissioners to investigate moral and spiritual
standards in the monasteries
1536 - correct answer-Based on the commissioner finding parliament passed the act for the
dissolution of the smaller monasteries which closed all religious houses with land valued at
under £200 a year. new commissioners sent out to supervise the closures, and provoking
rebellion in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire
1537-38 - correct answer-closures continued although some religious houses bribed officials
to overlook them temporarily, the opposition of Carthusian monks to the dissolution of the
establishment led to the executions on Henry orders.
1539 - correct answer-parliament passed the act for the dissolution of larger monastries
extends the closures to all religious houses except the chantries, small private chapels
where prayers were said for the souls of the dead
1540 - correct answer-the court of augmentations established with Richard Rich as
chancellor to handle the property and income for the dissolved monastries and over half the
monastic lands sold off growing gentry class one monk still receiving annual pension until he
died in 1607, foundation of the king Edward Vi schools
Accession - correct answer-Thomas More stated "this day is the end of our slavery the fount
of our liberty the end of our sadness and the beginning of joy", chivalric code, Arthur death in
1502, mother's death in 1503. court at richmond his father owned a suite of rooms and 100
servants not well prepared for kingship and a memory for factual detail
Act of supremacy and treason act - correct answer-1534 head of the church only
acknowledges him, parliament no sense of giving rights or power to grant, treason act denial
of royal supremacy and crime by death 1535 Cromwell vicar general, realm and empire. in
Anglicana Ecclesia
, Administrative reform was the most significant development in government during Henry VIII
reign until 1547 - correct answer-Administrative- Elton- revolution in government, 20
members of the privy council beginnings of rule by cabinet and committees, justices of the
peace at the quarter session. requests natural law and organic civil law. disorder- revolutions
destabilise, 1526 Eltham ordinances for unity and accord, reduce the privy councillors by
half, yet as Pollard states this was patchwork, factionalism, the role of parliament 1529
reformation, and the submission of clergy 1532 to reduce contesting centres of sovereigty by
reducing the power of convocation. 1528 Tyndale the Obedience of a Christian Man .
Wolsey alter rex Guistiniani "arbiter of christendom", court of requests, dissolved the council
learned
anti clericalism - correct answer-first evolved in 1515 Hunne case. Augsburg confession , 95
Thesis, and Melanchton, White Horse Taven, Tyndale 1526 Bible and 1528 Obedience of a
Christian Man, Erasmian piety in Praise of Folly 1506, monastries "inflated with self
righteousness" , More Utopia 1516, schmalkaldic leagyue, Scarsbrick "momentous
revoltuion" treaty of Nice 1538 forced moderation, , Schama "ostentatious zeal for the
catholic church" fundraised £305 for spire in Louth Lincolnshire. 1222 St George saint Day,
1502 the Adages of Erasmus, Fish supplication of the Beggars. Borman "monasticism
criticsed for laxity and corruption" , Melton exhortation "the grasping deadly plague of avarice
of priests and of greedy rich promotions with little works of piety". Haigh anti clericalism a
result not a cause of the reformation
Aragonese faction - correct answer-before 1534 those who opposed the attack on the
church generally express cocnerns symapthising with catherine of Aragon, led by Courtenay
Marquis of Exeter the northern Lords Darcy and Hussey the king privy chamber, 1532
stronger presence of Boleyn and Mary exclusion from succession in 1536 heightended this,
pilgirmage of grace Courtenay executed 1539
August 1532 - correct answer-death of Archbishop of Canterbury William Warham henry
asked the pope to appoint Thomas Cranmer reformer with some protestant views
Background to Wolsey - correct answer-Bron in 1472 or 1473 son of a butcher in Pswich at
oxford became bursar treasuer of his college. patronage of bishop fox pormotion to royal
almoner, 1512 French campaign 30,000 strong army, and 1514 henry referring all major
business in Wolsey hands. ruthless and discourteous to those of higher rank
Bishops Book 1537 - correct answer-two sets of injunctions or instructions in 1536 and 1538,
clergy to follow the articles and exlain to congregation the Bishop Book published in 1536
attacked the abuses and superstition associated with the church and encouraged protestant
reformers, 1537 Miles Coverdale Bible 1538 injunctions for each parish
Bureaucratic revolution - correct answer-emergence of privy council as the engine of
government role of the king as principal secretary Cromwell in coordinating minister rather
than lord chancellor specialised departments of a government and financial court the
government remained personal specialism occurred in medieval period reversed in the wars
of the roses, not all cromwell reforms survive in the long term
