MCB2010: EXAM 1
Microbiology - ANS-is a branch of biology that deals with scientific study of
microorganism such as: bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites(protozoa,helminths, and
some insects)
prokaryotic cell - ANS-bacteria and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
eukaryotic cell - ANS-(fungi, protozoa, green algae, animals, and plants)
mycosis - ANS-any disease caused by fungi
virus - ANS-need a host to live
-they are non-living because they need a host, but can be living
-are all parasites
yeast - ANS-unicellular fungi
mold - ANS-multi cellular fungi
pathogen - ANS-microorganism that has the potential to cause disease in a
compromised host (defense is down like skin)
infection - ANS-colonization of the host by pathogen without sign and symptoms
prokaryotic cell - ANS-before nucleus
-dosent have nucleus yet
-no nucleus, or nuclear membrane
-has dna, nuclear material, or nucleoid, chromatin
eukaryotic cell - ANS-has a nucleus
-true nuclues
mycology - ANS-study of fungi
virology - ANS-study of viruses
bacteriology - ANS-study of bacteria
,infectious disease - ANS-microorganism are involved
non-infectious disease - ANS-microorganisms are not involved
Anton Van Leeuwenhook - ANS-first observed microscope life (living cells) which he
called "animalcules"
Robert Hooke - ANS-made the first compound microscope and observed a thin slide of
cork
-he was able to see, what he described as, little boxes or cells
spontaneous generation - ANS-is a theory of development of living forms from non living
matter
-John Needham(English) supported this generation theory
-Francesco Redi(Italian) refuted the idea of this generation
EX: toad, snakes, mice, flies, manure of decaying corpses
louis pasteur - ANS-the issue of spontaneous generation was resolved by this french
scientist
1)he proved that microorganism are indeed present in the air and
2)they can contaminate sterile solutions but
3)air itself does not give rise to microbial life
rudolph virchow - ANS-(german) presented the theory of bio genesis
-living cells can arise only from preexisting living cells
aseptic surgery - ANS-was introduced by an English surgeon Joseph Lister in 1860.
-reduces contamination
vaccination - ANS-introduce by a British physician named Edward Jenner in 1798.
true - ANS-life on earth can not survive without nuclear material?
germ theory of disease - ANS-proposed by Louis Pasteur in 1857
-proved by Robert Koch in 1876(specific bacteria cause specific disease) (not
microorganism) (very important)
Robert koch - ANS-proved germ theory of disease in 1876
pasteurization - ANS-(1857 Louis Pasteur)
, -a form of heat treatment that kills a number of transmissible bacteria such as
salmonella
John Tyndall - ANS-explained differences in results from different labs
-he proved that bacterial cells exist in two forms
1) Heat sensitive (vegetative cells) does reproduce
2) Heat resistant (endospores) can survive million of years
not reproductive(save copy of DNA)
vegetative form - ANS-all bacterial under favorable conditions exist in this form
fermentation - ANS-(1857 Louis Pasteur)
-Alcohol + CO2
-Acid
-Acid + Alcohol +C02 (not simultaneously)
fermentation - ANS-organic compound converted to another organic compound by
microorganisms in absent of oxygen
(Anaerobic)
vegetative cells - ANS-all bacteria when they are metabolic active and reproducing
-when they are young and multiplying
-they are heat sensitive, can be killed by UV rays and boiling
Endospores - ANS-are metabolically inactive and heat resistant
-can survive million of years
=not reproductive (save copy of DNA)
simple microscope - ANS-has only one magnifying lens
compound microscope - ANS-has more than one magnifying lenses
bright field microscope - ANS-it forma a dark image against a bright background. it can
be used to observe live or preserved, stained or unstained specimens. EX: bacteria is
not living
-IT CANNOT BE USED TO OBSERVE INTRACELLULAR STRUCTURES SUCH AS
ENDOSPORES, DNA, RIBOSOMES, ETC OF LIVING CELLS
Dark field microscope - ANS-specimens appears light against a dark background. it is
commonly used to observe organism that are sensitive to heat or desiccation (dryness).
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