Micro Bio Exam 2
catabolism - ANS-chemical reactions that breakdown larger molecules into smaller
ones. releases energy
anabolism - ANS-chemical reactions that build larger structural and functional
components from smaller molecules. uses energy
oxidation - ANS-the removal of electrons from a molecule, decreases potential energy
reduction - ANS-the addition of electrons to a molecule, increases potential energy
bioenergetics - ANS-the study of the mechanisms of cellular energy release
4 examples of catabolism of glucose - ANS-glycolysis
transition step
krebs cycle
electron transport chain
aerobic respiration - ANS-Respiration that requires oxygen, oxygen is the final electron
acceptor
anaerobic respiration - ANS-Respiration that does not require oxygen, oxygen is NOT
the final electron acceptor
fermentation - ANS-Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen.
organic compounds are the final electron acceptors
how do the 3 metabolic strategies differ? - ANS-depending on who/what is accepting
the final electrons
what happens during glycolysis - ANS-glucose is oxidized and split into 2 molecules of
pyruvic acid and ATP & NADH are generated
what happens during the transition step - ANS-pyruvic acid is converted into Acetyl CoA
and NADH & CO2 are generated
what happens during the krebs cycle - ANS-processes pyruvic acid and generates ATP,
Co2, and NADH/FADH2
, what happens during electron transport chain - ANS-accepts electrons from NADH and
FADH2; generates a lot of ATP
how many ATP are generated from aerobic respiration - ANS-38
Where does glycolysis occur? - ANS-cytosol
Net gain from glycolysis - ANS-2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate
the main product of glycolysis under aerobic condition is? - ANS-pyruvate
how many pyruvates does one glucose molecule make - ANS-2
what is the net gain from the transition step - ANS-2 Acetyl CoA
2 NADH
2 CO2
when is pyruvic acid converted to Acetyl CoA - ANS-transition step
where does the krebs cycle occur - ANS-mitochondria in eukaryotes and cytoplasm of
prokaryotes
Net Gain from Krebs Cycle - ANS-2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2
chemiosmosis - ANS-A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an
electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.
where do you expect the electron transport chain to be inside a bacterial cell - ANS-in
their cell membrane
bacteriostatic - ANS-the agent that prevents the growth of bacteria by keeping them in
the stationary phase of growth
bactericidal - ANS-the agent that kills bacteria
Relative Resistance of Microbes - ANS-Highest resistance (bacterial endospores)
Moderate resistance (viruses, fungal spores)
Least resistance (fungi, vegetative bacterial cells)
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