Microbiology Bacterial Infections Part I
pathogen of Acne Vulgaris - ANS-propionibacterium acnes
clinical features of acne vulgaris - ANS--Clogging of skin pores with sebum and dead
cells, resulting in the formation of papules and pustules known as pimplies
-Usually appears on the face, forehead, chest, upper back and shoulders
-More common among teenagers and young adults
-May result in scarring and cause emotional distress
reservoir of acne vulgaris - ANS-infected humans
cystic acne in acne vulgariss - ANS-uncommon but severe form characterized by painful
pustules (more common on face and typically occurs during puberty)
Pathogen of Gas Gangrene - ANS-Clostridium perfringens
alternative name for gas gangrene - ANS-clostridial myonecrosis
clinical features of gas gangrene - ANS--Rapid destruction of muscle and soft tissues by
necrotizing exotoxins
-Gases produced by the invading bacteria form pockets in the infected tissues and
compress small blood vessels leading to gangrene
-Gangrenous area becomes painful, brownish-black, and foul smelling; often
necessitates an amputation to avoid life-threatening complications
palpable crepitus in gas gangrene - ANS-crackling sensation or popping sound due to
presence of gas in infected tissue
reservoir of gas gangrene - ANS-soil
gas gangrene mode of transmission - ANS-Entry of bacterial spores from the soil into an
open wound, followed by their germination and release of necrotizing exotoxins
Hansen's disease - ANS-leprosy
pathogen of Hansen's disease (Leprosy) - ANS-Mycobacterium leprae
, clinical features of Hansen's disease - ANS--Skin: Flat, discolored patches, painless
ulcers on the soles of feet, painless nodules on the face or earlobes, loss of eyebrows
or eyelashes
-Mucous membranes: stuffy nose, nosebleeds
-Peripheral nerves: Numbness or burning sensation in the corresponding area of the
skin, and muscle weakness or paralysis
-Advanced cases: severe disfigurement of hands and feet leading to significant disability
reservoir of hansen's disease - ANS-infected humans, armadillos
hansen's disease modes of transmission - ANS--Inhalation of infected respiratory and
oropharyngeal secretions (only after close, long-term contact with an untreated person)
-Touching or handling armadillos in the American Southeast (exact mechanism is
unknown)
anthrax pathogen - ANS-Bacillus anthracis
clinical features of anthrax - ANS--Vary depending upon the portal of entry
-cutaneous anthrax: eschars
-inhalation anthrax
-gastrointestinal anthrax
-injection anthrax
eschars - ANS-Depressed blackened lesions on the skin of the head, neck, forearms,
and hands as a result of damage by exotoxins
inhalation anthrax - ANS-flu-like symptoms (fever, sore throat, fatigue), followed by
shortness of breath, hemoptysis, and possibly death
gastrointestinal anthrax - ANS-Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, loss of appetite,
followed by diarrhea or dysentery, and possibly death
injection anthrax - ANS-Redness and significant swelling at the site of injection, but no
eschars, followed by multiple organ failure; recently identified in heroin-injecting drug
users in Northern Europe, but it has never been reported in the US.
anthrax reservoirs - ANS--Infected animals (including wool, hair, skin, and hides), soil
-Inhalation anthrax was was an occupational hazard for people who sorted wool:
Woolsorters disease
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