HPS791 - Personality
Achievement motive - correct answer-Wanting to accomplish things - usually on one's own
and without help.
Adoption studies - correct answer-Adoption studies allow us to understand how much the
child's environment influences their personality.
Affiliation motive - correct answer-Being motivated by one's relationships with others.
Anal stage - correct answer-Freud's pychosexual period during which a child learns to
control his bodily excretions.
Analytical Psychology - correct answer-The study of the personal and collective unconscious
developed by Jung.
Approach motivation - correct answer-Anticipating rewards for success.
Authenticity - correct answer-Extent to which we feel aligned to our true selves.
Avoidance motivation - correct answer-Worrying about the negative consequences of failure.
Basic anxiety - correct answer-Child's fear of being alone, helpless, and insecure.
Basking in reflected glory - correct answer-Gaining self-esteem from being connected to a
high status individual or group.
Behaviour modification - correct answer-Using conditioning to improve behaviour.
Behavioural Activation/Approach System (BAS) - correct answer-Regulates responses to
rewards. If overly active, people are impulsive and constantly seeking rewards. More prone
to drug addiction and overeating.
Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) - correct answer-Provides orienting response to novel
situation and responds to punishments. When overly sensitive, people are prone to anxiety,
heightened alertness and worry.
Biological process perspective - correct answer-Idea that personality reflects the workings of
the body we inhabit and brain that runs the body.
Cardinal dispositions - correct answer-Personal dispositions that exert an overwhelming
influence on behavior
Cattell's factor analytic approach - correct answer-He gathered 18000 adjectives and used
factor analysis to determine the similar ones by correlating adjectives. He narrowed these
down to 16 factors.
, Central dispositions - correct answer-Fundamental qualities that can succinctly portray an
individual.
Cognitive perspective - correct answer-Idea that human nature involves deriving meaning
from experiences and that the mind imposes organization and form on experience, and
those mental organizations influence how people act.
Collective unconscious - correct answer-Powerful emotional symbols called archetypes
derived from emotional reactions of our ancestors to continually repeating events.
Complex - correct answer-Group of emotionally charged feelings, thoughts, and ideas
related to a particular theme.
Conscientiousness - correct answer-Being neat, organized, and achievement oriented.
Conscious - correct answer-Our thoughts, feelings and motivations that we are aware of and
can control.
Conscious ego - correct answer-Conscious aspect that embodies the sense of self.
Darwin's theory of evolution in personality development - correct answer-Individual
differences and motivations are seen as due to either alternative adaptive strategies or to
random variation.
Defence mechanisms - correct answer-Strategies used to keep unconscious thoughts from
the conscious mind.
Despised self (Horney) - correct answer-Consists of perceptions of inferiority and
shortcomings.
Displacement - correct answer-Moving a troubling impulse onto a different, less threatening
object.
Ego - correct answer-Mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego
operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring
pleasure rather than pain.
Epigenetics - correct answer-Activation or inactivation of relevant parts of a genome. This
activation occurs in reaction to the environment, so as the environment activates parts of our
genome, our personality changes.
Explicit motives - correct answer-Conscious motivations, usually measured by self-report.
Explicit self-esteem - correct answer-Self-esteem you are aware of having.
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