NCSU Bio 240 Klesath Module 1.1
Bones - ANS-- Primary organs of the skeletal system
- Provide framework of body and attachment sites for muscles
Cartilage - ANS-Component of embryonic, growing, and mature bones and joints
Connective Tissue - ANS-- Bone and cartilage outer membrane
-Ligaments connect bones,, tendons connect muscles to bones
Skeletal System Functions - ANS-- Mobility and movement
- Support and protection
- Hemopoiesis
- Storage (Mineral and Lipid)
Bone Structure Classification - ANS-Long, Short, Flat, and Irregular
Organic - ANS-- Consists largely of collagen, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins
arranged in a uniformed pattern.
- !/3 of Matrix
Inorganic - ANS-- Consists of Hydroxyapatite Crystals
- Results in the mineralization/calcification of the bone matrix
Osteoprogenitor cells - ANS-bone stem cells
Osteoblasts - ANS-Synthesize and secrete osteoid
Osteocytes - ANS-Mature cells enveloped by calcified osteoid and maintains the matrix
Osteoclasts - ANS-multinucleate cell that secretes acids and enzymes to dissolve bone
matrix
Compact Bone - ANS-- Located at bone exterior
-Appears white, smooth, and solid
- Composed of Osteons and lamellae
Spongy Bone - ANS-- Located internal to compact bone
- Appears porous with space between bone tissue
, -Composed of trabeculae
External Circumferential Lamellae - ANS-Rings of compact bone that surround the
entire outer compact bone surface; found immediately internal to bone periosteum
Interstitial Lamellae - ANS-Compact bone remains of a partially reabsorbed osteon
found between newer, complete osteons.
Osteon - ANS-Functional unit of compact bone composed of concentric lamellae and
central canal
Internal Circumferential Lamellae - ANS-Rings of compact bone that line the inner edge
of compact bone tissue; found adjacent to the endosteum
Periosteum - ANS-- Double layer bone covering adjacent to compact bone
- Connected to compact bone by perforating fibers
- Outer fibrous layer composed of connective tissue
- Inner cellular layer contains osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts
Nutrient Foramen - ANS-Opening in the bone where vessels and nerves enter and exit
Perforating Canal - ANS-Carries blood vessels and nerves through compact bone,
interconnecting the central canals of osteons
Proximal Epiphysis - ANS-Closest to the truck of body
Distal Epiphysis - ANS-Furthest from the truck of the body
Epiphyses - ANS-Enlarged surface ends or "knobs" composed of thin outer compact
bone
Articular Cartilage - ANS-- Protective cartilage layer found on some bone ends such as
where joints occur
- Reduces friction and absorbs shock in moveable joints
Metaphysis - ANS-Region that widens and transfers the weight between the diaphysis
and the epiphysis
Epiphyseal Plate - ANS-contains cartilage, growth still occurring
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