NCSU Bio 240 Klesath Module 1.2
Central Nervous System (CNS) - ANS-brain and spinal cord
Brain - ANS-- Site of thoughts and intelligence
- Processes information received and sends messages back to the body
Spinal Cord - ANS-- Carries information between the brain and the body
- Musculoskeletal reflex center (i.e. knee jerk)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - ANS-Nerves:
- Bundled axons carry signals to and from CNS
- Extend from the brain or spinal cord
Ganglia:
- Cluster of neuron cell bodies outside of the CNS
Nerve - ANS-An organized collective bundle of axons that send signals thought the PNS
Ganglion - ANS-A localized cluster of neuron cell bodies, and associated glial cells,
found along the length of the nerves in the PNS
Epineurium - ANS-Connective Tissue surrounding the outer nerve surface
Perineurium - ANS-Connective Tissue the surrounds and separates bundles of axons
organized into fascicles
Endoneurium - ANS-Connective Tissue that surrounds and Socrates individual axons
within fascicles
Somatic Sensory - ANS-sensory input that is consciously perceived from receptors
Visceral Sensory - ANS-sensory input that is not consciously perceived from receptors
of blood vessels and internal organs
Somatic Motor - ANS-motor output that is consciously or voluntarily controlled; effector
is skeletal muscle
Autonomic Motor - ANS-motor output that is not consciously or is involuntarily
controlled; effectors are cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
, Multipolar Neuron - ANS-A neuron with a single axon and multiple dendrites; the most
common type of neuron in the nervous system.
Bipolar Neuron - ANS-a neuron with one axon and one dendrite attached to its soma,
found in limited locations
Unipolar Neuron - ANS-a neuron with one process extending from its cell body and
forms a T intersection
Anaxonic Neuron - ANS-many dendrites but no axon, help in visual processes
Sensory Neurons - ANS-neurons that receive information from the external world and
convey this information to the brain via the spinal cord
Interneuron - ANS-Receives signs form sensory neurons and sends signals to motor
neurons
Motor Neuron - ANS-a neuron that sends an impulse to a muscle or gland, causing the
muscle or gland to react
Presynaptic Neuron - ANS-neuron that sends the signal
Postsynaptic Neuron - ANS-neuron that receives the signal and binds to receptors and
causes either depolarization or hyper polarization
Anterograde Transport - ANS-Moves newly synthesized material toward synaptic knobs
Retrograde Transport - ANS-Moves used materials form axon for breakdown and
recycling in cell body.
Neuron - ANS-Excitable Cells
Glial Cells - ANS-non-excitable cells that support and protect the neurons
Astrocyte Function (CNS) - ANS--forms barrier around brain capillaries that control what
substances enter brains nervous tissue from blood
-regulate interstitial fluid composition (chemical environment around neurons)
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