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USABO Plant Form and Function Questions with 100% Actual correct answers | verified | latest update | Graded A+ | Already Passed | Complete Solution £6.57
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USABO Plant Form and Function
root system - ANS-the entire set of plant roots that anchor the plant, absorb and
transport minerals and water, and store food
shoot system - ANS-the aerial portion of a plant body, consisting of stems, leaves, and
(in angiosperms) flowers
photosynthate - ANS-a sugar or other product of photosynthesis
primary root - ANS-the first root (and organ) that emerges from a germinating seed
lateral root - ANS-a root that develops from the pericycle of an established root
taproot - ANS-a main vertical root that develops from the primary root (in eudicots) and
gives rise to lateral roots; enables the plant to grow taller by preventing toppling
root hair - ANS-a tiny extension of a root epidermal cell, growing just behind the root tip
and increasing surface area for absorption of water and minerals
adventitious root - ANS-a root that grows from an unexpected region of the plant, such
as from a stem or leaf; characteristic of a fibrous root system
buttress root - ANS-a large, wide aerial root that provides architectural support to a
shallowly-rooted tree
pneumatophore - ANS-an aerial root produced by mangroves and other swamp plants
specialized for gaseous exchange
stem - ANS-a vascular plant organ consisting of an alternating system of nodes and
internodes that support the leaves and reproductive structures
node - ANS-a point along the stem of a plant at which leaves are attached
internode - ANS-a segment of a plant stem between the points where leaves are
attached
, apical bud - ANS-a bud at the tip of a plant stem; also called a terminal bud
axillary bud - ANS-a structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot or branch;
appears in the angle formed between a leaf and a stem
rhizome - ANS-a continuously growing horizontal underground stem which puts out
lateral shoots and adventitious roots at intervals
stolon - ANS-a creeping horizontal plant stem or runner that takes root at points along
its length to form new plants
tuber - ANS-an enlarged end of a rhizome or stolon that is specialized for storing food
blade - ANS-the thin, flattened section of a plant leaf that collects sunlight
petiole - ANS-the stalk of a leaf; joins the leaf to a node of the stem
midrib - ANS-a major vein characteristic of eudicots that runs down the center of the
blade of a leaf
periderm - ANS-the protective coat consisting of the cork cambium and cork that
replaces the epidermis in woody plants during secondary growth
trichome - ANS-a small hair or other outgrowth from the epidermis of a plant; serves
protective functions and prevents transpiration
stele - ANS-the central core of the stem and root of a vascular plant, consisting of the
vascular tissue and associated supporting tissue
vascular cylinder - ANS-the central vascular core of a plant root
vascular bundle - ANS-a strand of conducting vessels in the stem or leaves of a plant,
typically with sclerenchyma fibers on the outside, phloem in the middle, and xylem on
the inside
pith - ANS-ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue
cortex - ANS-ground tissue external to the vascular tissue
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