In depth a level aqa tudor history notes (this document is religious developments after the religious settlement, the settlement is a separate document)
Religious Development 1559 - 1563
- Initially, only the most extreme Catholic bishops were removed. Those who had
conformed under Edward were left in office.
- Commissioners were sent out to take the oath of supremacy and check on the use of the
Prayer Book
- By the summer of 1559 all but one of Mary’s bishops had refused to take the oath and
had been deprived of their office.
- Elizabeth delayed the consecration of the new Protestant bishops so she could transfer
more Church property to the crown
- The Royal Injunctions of 1559 allowed many of the old vestments to be worn during
services, and the communion table to stand where the altar had.
- In 1560, a Latin edition of the Prayer Book allowed requiem celebrations for the repose
of the souls of the dead.
- By 1560, Elizabeth had restored a crucifix and candles to the altar in her chapel and
tried to re-establish full catholic vestments.
- In 1561, Elizabeth contemplated banning clerical marriage. Eventually, she compromised
and evicted the wives and children of higher clergy from colleges and cathedrals.
- Having enforced the Religious Settlement legally, Elizabeth was determined to define the
doctrine of the Church of England and prevent it from changing.
- The 39 Articles were passed through convocation in 1563 and given statutory authority
in 1571.
Matthew Parker
- 1559 reluctantly became Archbishop of Canterbury under Elizabeth
- His religious beliefs were moderate and he used his influence to keep the spread of
Puritanism in check
- Died and was succeeded by Edmund Grindal 1575
Thirty Nine Articles of Religion, 1563
- A single act of parliament couldn’t completely set out a new faith for the country
- The Convocation of the Church spent years producing a definitive statement culminating
in the 39 articles, published in 1563 and made law in 1571.
- Remains the essential statement of belief for the Church of England today
- Like the settlement, it welded aspects of protestantism and catholicism into a whole that
was accepted by as many people as possible.
, Elizabeth and the Catholics
How did Catholicism still How did Elizabeth deal with this threat?
pose a threat to Elizabeth?
- Anti-cecil - Royal army
‘semi-catholic’ - Eventual execution of Northumberland
faction in court
- Northern revolt
- Foreign support of - 1571 Treason Acts made it treasonable to deny
catholics from Pope Elizabeth was lawful queen. It was made clear that
and anyone using Regnans in Excelsis or any other Bull to
excommunication
convert or reconvert a person
- Missionary Priests - Initial gov reaction was to press for greater use of
- Probs most people, existing machinery for identifying and punishing
especially north recusants.
london
- In 1577, bishops were instructed in a return of the
- Most of 8000 lesser
clergy who took oath number of recusants in their dioceses. In the same
of supremacy year, the missionary priest Cuthbert Mayne was
executed under the existing legislation of 1571 for
bringing into the country a papal Bull
- 2 more priests were executed the next year for denying
the Royal Supremacy
- Seminary priests - 438 returned to England. 98 were put to death
- First arrived 1574 - Hard to deal with as protected by catholic gentry but
when landed in south-east were made vulnerable by
fewer catholics
- Irish rebellion incited - 1569: Rebellion in Munster when James Fitzmaurice
Fitzgerald proposes asking spanish for support against
England
- 1578: Pope Greg XIII backs expedition to aid rebellion
- Died out by 1581
- MQS - Executed eventually
How successful was Elizabeth in dealing with the threat of extremist Catholics?
- Increasingly harsh treatment following MQS arrival 1568
Key Dates
1540 Ignatius Loyola founded the Society of Jesus
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