Summary
Summary Essential Notes: Paediatrics: Neurology
- Module
- Medicine (MBBS)
- Institution
- St Georges (University Of London)
Personal revision notes compiled from a combination of lecture notes and textbooks. Notes created between .
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
Febrile convulsionsNeurology Are seizures that occur w/ fever (38oC)
Usually occurs early in a viral infection when temperature rises rapidly
Seizures are usually brief, lasting less than 5 minutes (commonly clonic-
Cerebral palsy tonic)
Disorder of movement + posture due to a non-progression lesion Typically children 6 month 5 years
in the motor pathways in the brain Aetiology
Aetiology Excitatory neurotransmitter = Glutamate NMDA receptors increase
Antenatal (90%) e.g. cerebral malformations + congenital Ca2+ triggers AP
Inhibitory neurotransmitter = GABA GABA receptors increase Cl-
infection (TORCHES)
inhibits AP
Intrapartum (10%) birth asphyxia/trauma During seizure
Postnatal (10%) e.g. intraventricular haemorrhage, Large groups of neurones activate simultaneously- triggered by fever
meningitis, head trauma 1. Fever increases core body temperature = increases neuronal
Signs + symptoms excitability
Abnormal tone early infancy, delayed motor milestones, abnormal 2. Hyperventilation reduces [CO2] acidotic = increases
gait, feeding difficulties neuronal excitability
Associated non-motor problems 3. Cytokines = enhance NMDA receptors
Learning difficulties (50%) Classification
Epilepsy (30%) Simple Complex Status epilepticus
Squints (30%) <15 minutes 15-30 minutes > 30 minutes
Hearing impairment (20%) Whole body Specific body parts
Types (corresponds to
specific parts of the
Spastic (70%) hemi/quad/diplegia- damage to UMN
brain)
increased muscle tone
Doesn’t repeat within Repeat seizures in
Dyskinetic involuntary, uncontrolled movements- more 24hr 24hr
evident with active movement/stress Complete recovery by
o Chorea: irregular, sudden + brief non-repetitive 1 hour
o Athetosis: slow, writhing movements e.g. fanning of Postictal state
fingers Confusion, may not recall episode, residual arm/leg weakness
o Dystonia: simultaneous contraction go agonist + Tonic-clonic seizure
antagonist muscles of trunk + proximal muscles Tonic muscle tense/rigid
Ataxic genetically determined, when due to acquired brain Clonic muscles rapidly relax + contract
injury (cerebellum/its connections) 1. Stiffness
2. Jerking
Ix CT/ MRI + audiology + ophthalmology assessment
3. Loss of consciousness
Mx Rx for spasticity = oral diazepam, oral/intrathecal baclofen Mx Not usually needed = self-limiting
Anticonvulsant + analgesia During: lie on side +keep track of time
Concerning signs: vomiting, stiff neck, trouble breathing
Antipyretic drugs e.g. Ibuprofen
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Noteorious. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £2.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
52928 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now