Detailed essay plans for each of the main topic areas of this side of the AQA Alevel history course. These were guided by experienced teachers with extensive knowledge on the course material.
What caused the February 1917 revolution?
Shifting demographics:
• New literate working class
Tsar's mistakes:
→ class consciousness
• 1906 - Stolypin
• Overcrowded factories
→ October manifesto already betrayed
→ 1914 - 2/5 in over 1000 workers
people
• Opposition parties
→ Repression - Stolypin's necktie
→ propaganda
• 1915 - Army control
• Size - war tensions worsen
→ leaves Rasputin & Alexandra
→ trans-siberian railway takes 25
→ Rasputin murder = warning → upset
years - low supplies & soldiers
nobles (money) and peasants (mass)
Not entirely Tsar's fault -
Link - not equipped for SD
destabilising effect
→ Autocratic father (divine right) -
Romanov dynasty
→ Alexander II (progressive)
→ Never modernised fully before
Economic impact of WWI:
• 1917 Moscow grain wagons
→ 2200 to 700 = price of food
quadrupled (bread rumour)
Military/social impact of WWI:
• Taxes rise
• Nepotism
→ 1.5 billion roubles on weaponry
→ wealthy not experienced officers
• No foreign trade
(suicide orders)
→ not modernised enough
• Battle of Tannenburg
Link - foreign powers coped
→ 30,000 casualties = social uproar
→ Britain - constitutional monarchy
• Feb 1917 mutinies
→ War proved inherent inefficiencies Link - not so bad
of new Russia → German schlieffen plan (10 days
not 6 weeks)
→ Morale booster/helped allies
→ Starvation more important!
, What caused the October 1917revolution?
Mistakes of provisional government:
• Summer offensive
→ Milyukov (wants Constantinople + Black
Sea)
→ agreed defensive war only = lack of legion Doomed from the start:
support • Dual authority
→ high desertion - just like Tsar! → soviets had real power
• Proletariat treatment (80% pop represented)
• Different ideologies
→ punishment brigades
→ Soviet wanted defensive
→ no strike action- scared of wealthy land
war but PG wanted offensive
owners
• Prince Lvov
• April thesis points out mistakes
→ betrayal of Feb 1917
Link - temporary until CA
→ left reparation to kerensky
Kerensky's mistakes:
• Kornilov affair (August 1917)
→ Knew he was power hungry and Role of Lenin + Bolsheviks:
wanted MD • July days
→ 3 cavalry divisions support → Lenin wanted a coup d'etat
→ Freed & armed Bolsheviks (40,000 (overthrown by small group)
Red Guard) → Supported February but
However - Recognised who could help pushed rebels out of P&P fortress
Link - PG left Kerensky no choice (helped PG)
→ messed up summer offensive But - destroyed Bolshevik
→ fueled outrage for July days reputation
→ kerensky had to enlist kornilov → Lenin = coward → fled
→ Bolsheviks used as propaganda for → Pravda shut = no propaganda
Oct → Only 24% of votes in CA
Link - PG hate stronger than
Bolshevik love
→ Lenin provided solution
→ Oct an inevitability = Lenin set
the date
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