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BIO 245 Heart Test 2 Klesath
BIO 245 Heart Test 2 Klesath
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BIO 245 Heart Test 2 Klesath1. Depolarization - ANS-Fast voltage gated Na channel opens; Na influx
Reversal of Polarity
1.Reaching threshold - ANS-slow voltage-gated Na channels open. Inflow of Na
changes membrane potential from -60mV to -40mV
2. Plateau - ANS-Voltage-gated K channels open; K efflux
Slow voltage gated Ca channels open Ca influx
Depolarization Maintained
2.Depolarization - ANS-Fast voltage-gated Ca channels open. Inflow of Ca changes
membrane potential from -40mV to just about +10mV
3. Repolarization - ANS-Voltage-gated Ca channels close
Voltage-gated K channels remain open; K efflux
Reversal of Polarity; from positive to back to negative
3.Repolarization - ANS-Fast voltage-gated Ca channels close. Voltage-gated K
channels open allowing K outflow. Membrane potential returns to RMP -60mV, and K
channels close
Afterload - ANS--resistance in arteries to ejection of blood
-inversely/negatively correlated with stroke volume
-represents how hard the ventricles must work to eject blood
Angioplasty - ANS-procedure that opens narrowed or blocked coronary arteries through
a balloon catheter or by inserting an expandable metal mesh tube (stent)
Aorta - ANS-transports oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the systematic
tissues
Artery - ANS-carries blood away from the heart
Atherosclerosis - ANS-is the deposition of plaque on the inner lining of arteries,
decreases the diameter of artery, increasing the resistance and afterload, therefore
decreasing stroke volume
, Atria - ANS-receiving chambers where great veins attach
-separated by interatrial septum
-interior contains pectinate muscles composed of parallel ridges
Atria Contraction - ANS-compresses wall of chambers to move blood into ventricles
narrows heart
Atrial Systole - ANS--Atria contract and ventricles relax
-AV valves open and SL valves closed
Autorhythmic - ANS-do not require stimulation
do not have stable RMP
RMP gradually increasing to threshold without stimulation
depolarization occurs with entrance of Ca into cells
AV bundle - ANS-conducts the action potential along the left and right bundle branches
to the Purkinje fibers
AV node - ANS-The action potential from the SA node travels here where it is delayed
before passing to the AV bundle within the interventricular septum
Bradycardia - ANS--persistently low resting heart rate in adults (<60 bpm)
-normal change in athletes, abnormally due to: hypothyroidism, electrolyte imbalance,
and congestive heart failure
Capillaries - ANS--exchange with systematic cells
-exchange with air sacs in the lungs
Cardiac Muscle Cells - ANS--Action potentials initiated by conduction system (nodal
cells) pass to myocytes through gap juntions
-action potentials travel from muscle cell to muscle cell through gap junctions at
intercalated discs allowing the muscle tissue to act as function suncytsium
-Electrical signal ultimately causes calcium to be released inside the cell triggering the
interaction of contractile proteins
Cardiac Muscle Fibers - ANS--cardiac muscle fibers
-short, branched cells that are interconnected allowing cells to contract together in a
wavelike pattern
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