Exam (elaborations)
PcTx IV Final Exam.
Exam of 17 pages for the course BIO 245 at BIO 245 (PcTx IV Final Exam.)
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PcTx IV Final Exam___ is the primary antioxidant naturally present in the liver that conjugates and
detoxifies this metabolite. - ANS-Glutathione
____ ___ use should be avoided in patients with a hx of acute LGIB. - ANS-Non-aspirin
NSAID
____ for primary prevention of CV events should be avoided in most pts with LGIB. -
ANS-aspirin
Cirrhosis is the most common cause of what? - ANS--portal HTN
- due to increased resistance to outflow through distorted hepatic sinusoids, and
enhanced portal inflow due to splanchnic arteriolar vasodilation
How are beta blockers used in AWS? - ANS--can help in reducing tremors; can reduce
minor AWS but cannot treat seizures or DTs
-should NOT be used for treatment of severe AWS
How is massive RBC transfusion defined? - ANS-3 or more units of packed RBCs within
1 hour
How long does it take for one to develop DT and how long can it last? - ANS-Begins 3
days after the appearance of withdrawal symptoms and lasts 1-8 days
How long does it take to develop alcohol hallucinations? - ANS-12-24 hours since last
alcoholic drink
How long does it take to develop initial withdrawal symptoms? - ANS-6-8 hours since
last alcoholic drink
How long does it take to develop withdrawal seizures? - ANS-12-48 hours since last
alcoholic drink
If a direct thrombin inhibitor (dabigatran) is associated with bleeding, what is the
reversal strategy? - ANS-praxbind
If an NSAID is associated with bleeding, what is the reversal strategy? - ANS-d/c (hold)
NSAID therapy
,If aspirin or a P2Y12 inhibitor is associated with bleeding, what is the reversal strategy?
- ANS-platelet transfusion +/- desmopressin (DDAVP)
If direct factor-Xa inhibitors are associated with bleeding, what is the reversal strategy? -
ANS-Kcentra or Andexxa
If LMWH is associated with bleeding, what is the reversal strategy? - ANS-LMWH
protamine dose (1 mg of protamine for every 1 mg LMWH)
If UFH is associated with bleeding, what is the reversal strategy? - ANS-UFH protamine
dose (1 unit of protamine for every 100 units of UFH from last 3 hours of UFH infusion)
If warfarin is associated with bleeding, what is the reversal strategy? - ANS-Kcentra +
Vitamin K (AFTER kcentra)
In patients with established high-risk CVD and hx of LGIB, ___ used for secondary
prevention should not be discontinued. - ANS-aspirin
In pts on dual antiplatelet therapy or monotherapy w/ non-aspirin antiplatelet agents,
non-aspirin therapy should be resumed when? - ANS-ASAP and at least within 7 days
Should you initiate a selective or non-selective beta blocker? - ANS-non-selective
True or False: Lab evaluation of APAP levels should be routinely ordered in suspected
intentional overdoses, regardless of substance taken. - ANS-True
True or False: most infections related to variceal bleeds are gram negative. - ANS-True
True or False: Wernicke's Encephalopathy gets a higher dose of thiamine than normal -
ANS-True
True or false: whole bowel irrigation changes the systemic clearance - ANS-false
What 3 BZDs have active metabolites? - ANS--diazepam
-midazolam
-chlordiazepoxide
What are 3 treatments for nutritional deficits and electrolyte abnormalities? -
ANS--multivitamin
, -thiamine
-folic acid
What are 4 aspects of the initial assessment in overdose? - ANS--physical exam
(ABCs)
-look
-listen
-lab values/tests (BG, CMP, LFTs, blood gas, EKG, drug screen, visualization)
What are 4 sympathomimetics? - ANS--cocaine
-methamphetamines amphetamines
-ephedrine
-caffeine
What are 4 ways to eliminate exposure? - ANS--flush eyes
-remove clothing
-fresh air
-water to dilute irritants/caustics from ingestion
What are adverse effects of activated charcoal? - ANS--N/V
-Constipation/diarrhea
What are adverse effects of BZDs? - ANS--CNS and respiratory depression
-delirium
What are cholinergic symptoms? - ANS-DUMBBELS
-diarrhea
-urination
-miosis
-bronchospasm/ bronchorrhea
-emesis
-lacrimation
-salivation
SLED
-salivation
-lacrimation
-urination
-defecation
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