Exam (elaborations)
BIO 245 Final.
Exam of 19 pages for the course BIO 245 at BIO 245 (BIO 245 Final.)
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BIO 245 Final_______________________ cells found in the _______________ region of a nephron
respond to hormones such as ADH. - ANS-principal; DCT/collecting ducts
________________________ has a higher partial pressure gradient which facilitates its
diffusion. _______________________ has a higher solubility coefficient which facilitates
its diffusion. - ANS-oxygen; carbon dioxide
________________________ increase heart rate. An increased heart rate will
_________________ venous return. - ANS-Positive chronotropic agents; decrease
A [hypersecretion/hyposecretion] of GH during adolescence results in pituitary
gigantism. - ANS-hypersecretion
A [hypersecretion/hyposecretion] of thyroid hormone (T3/T4) in a pregnant mother
would likely result in a poorly developed nervous system and mental impairment of the
developing baby. - ANS-hyposecretion
A 5 mm Hg increase in the blood levels of which of the following would have a greater
impact on the rate and depth of breathing? This would stimulate
________________________________ in the breathing rate. - ANS-carbon dioxide;
increase
A decrease in systemic blood pressure from 110 mmHg to 90 mmHg would result in the
_____________________ of the afferent arteriole. In this scenario you would expect the
GFR to ___________________________. - ANS-vasodilation; remain at its same level
A goiter typically develops as a result of a [hypersecretion/hyposecretion] of thyroid
hormone due to its impaired production. - ANS-hyposecretion
A lack of iodine would result in a [hypersecretion/hyposecretion] of thyroid hormone
(T3/T4) and a [hypersecretion/hyposecretion] of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). -
ANS-hyposecretion; hypersecretion
A rapid, sharp increase in the levels of this hormone stimulates ovulation in females -
ANS-Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
,A significant [a] in creatinine serum levels outside of the normal range is indicative of
decreased kidney function. - ANS-a.)increase(s)
A symptom of diabetes mellitus is a(n) [a] in urine output. - ANS-a.)increase(s)
About 99% of oxygen is transported in the blood
________________________________. - ANS-bound to the heme region of
hemoglobin
ADH [a] the [b] of water at the [c] region. It does this by [d] the number of aquaporins
present on the luminal membrane and by [e] the number of aquaporins on the
basolateral membrane - ANS-a.)enhances
b.)reabsorption
c.)distal convoluted tubule/collecting ducts
d.)increasing
e.)increasing
Aldosterone stimulates the [a] of sodium, the [b] of potassium, and the [c] of water. This
hormone impacts the [d] region of the nephron. - ANS-a.)reabsorption
b.)secretion
c.)reabsorption
d.)distal convoluted tubule/collecting ducts
An increase in aldosterone results in a(n) [a] in urine volume - ANS-a.)decrease(s)
An increase in glomerular hydrostatic pressure results in a(n) [a] in NFP (net filtration
pressure). - ANS-a.)increase(s)
An increase of NFP results in a(n) [a] in the GFR (glomerular filtration rate). -
ANS-a.)increase(s)
An individual that was producing excessive amount of urine would likely be suffering
from a [hypersecretion/hyposecretion] of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). -
ANS-hyposecretion
Approximately ______________ of the carbon dioxide is transported in the blood bound
to hemoglobin. This binding __________________ hemoglobins affinity for oxygen. -
ANS-23%; decreases
, As growth hormone levels in the blood increase,
__________________________________________. - ANS-glycogenolysis increases
Assume hormone "A" caused it effect on the target cell through the adenylate cyclase
pathway. Starting with hormone "A" binding its target cell receptor, describe the
intracellular events triggered by this pathway in the order that they would occur. -
ANS-Hormone A binds to the target cell receptor
G-protein is activated by GTP replacing the GDP
G-Protein travels across the plasma membrane
G-protein activates adenylate cyclase enzyme, activating synthesizing ATP to cAMP
cAMP is then a second messenger to kinase A
Kinase A then can phosphorolate to inhibit or turn on proteins
Based on the news articles you read, which of the following statements provides the
best explanation of what likely is occurring in Caster Semenya's physiology that makes
her unique? - ANS-She is a pseudohermaphrodite with 46 XY intersex
Before birth, a female forms approximately 1.5 million [a] in the ovary. These structures
contain a thin outer wall of follicular cells which surrounds a [b] which is arrested in [c].
No further development occurs until puberty. - ANS-a.)primordial follicle(s)
b.)primary oocyte
c.)prophase I
Beta blocker drugs __________________________________ heart rate, therefore
acting as a _______________________ agent. - ANS-slow down; chronotropic
Both the left and right atria contract together as a unit and the left and right ventricles
contract as a unit. - ANS-True
Bulk flow occurs at the blood capillary bed as [a] takes place at the arteriole end of the
capillary bed and [b] occurs at the venule end of the capillary bed. The higher [c]
pressure drives the bulk movement of materials out of the blood and into the interstitial
space. Approximately [d] of the bulk flow that enters the interstitial spaces here does
NOT return to the blood and is picked up as lymph. This lymph eventually enters lymph
vessels. The lymph vessels are most similar in structure to blood [e]. The lymph
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