chap 6,7,8,9 mha 707 questions & answers 2023/2024
National Health Expenditure Accounts (NHEA) - Answer - •Provide official estimates of health care
spending in the United States
•Measures health care consumption and health care investment
National Health Expenditures (NHE) - Answer - •All health care consumption and investments in
medical structures and equipment and noncommercial health services and biomedical research
Health Consumption Expenditures (HCE) - Answer - •A subset of NHE
•Includes personal health care spending, government administration and net cost of private health
insurance, and public health activities
Amount of investment in the Medical Sector of economy - Answer - NHE - HCE
Personal Health Care (PHC) - Answer - •A subset of HCE
•Includes all medical goods and services that are used to diagnose, treat, and prevent health problems
in a specific person
In 2017, the National Health Expenditures (NHE) were approximately - Answer - •$3.49 trillion
•17.9% of GDP
•$10,739 per capita
Hospital care accounted for the largest share of NHE. - Answer - •About 33%
Professional services had the second highest share of the NHE - Answer - •About 26%
•Most was for physician services—about 20% of NHE
Retail prescription drugs accounted for the third highest share - Answer - About 9.5%
fact - Answer - 90% 0f Americans have 1 risk factor, 52% have 2 or more
highest proportion in impoverished and racial/ethnic minorities
, fact - Answer - (only 6.7% of Americans were hospitalized in 2018)
In 2019, 92% of U.S. population had some type of health insurance - Answer - ** leaves 26.4 M
uninsured **
In general, there are six payment models that people and organizations use to buy and sell services in
the marketplace - Answer - •Cost/cost-plus
•Hourly or time and materials
•Fee-for-service
•Fixed-price
•Capitation
•Value
customer-centric outcome - Answer - •, treatment of a disease or condition on a per-episode basis.
•A service is _____________ when it can be sold as a commodity, implying that a fixed price will buy a
known quantity of that service. - Answer - productized
Capitation - Answer - •Fixed prepayment per person to the health care provider for an agreed-on array
of services during a contract period (Per member/per month)
•Payment is the same no matter how many services or what type of services each patient actually gets
•In theory, _____________ encourages selection of the least expensive treatments and promotes
services likely to result in the lowest overall cost
Capitation - Answer - •May put the physician at odds with the patient
About _________ of people under the age of 65 are covered through private insurance - Answer - 66%
Coinsurance - Answer - intended to steer patients toward providers with lower rates and/or less
intense treatment (encouraging a patient to seek treatments with lower total cost rather than just fewer
visits) - this strategy relies on the sophistication level of the patient
Flexner Report of 1910 - Answer - started Medicine and the health care field on the path toward
rigorous scientific assessments.
Three evaluation criteria for health care systems - Answer - •Quality
•Equity
•Efficiency
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