Full Memory topic notes for Paper One, print and cut out to have flashcards ready made. Full topic, including Multi-Store Model, Working Memory Model, long term memory types, short term memory, interference, retrieval failure, eyewitness testimony and the cognitive interview.
theorised by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)- linear
model, info received by sensory register for brief
milliseconds, if attention, then transferred to STM
which has limited
Describe the Multi-Store Model of Memory duration (7+/2 items) and will decay (duration 30
secs) without maintenance rehearsal. LTM
unlimitless capacity and duration and retrieval
required passed back along
model.
HM, a patient with epileptic seizures, had the
hippocampus of the brain removed, causing
amnesia with new memories decaying and not being
Evaluate the MSM using HM.
stored within the LTM. Showed
STM and LTM as separate regions of the brain and
STM converted into LTM in the hippocampus.
Model arguably too simple- memory divided into a
number of qualitatively different stores (Working
Evaluate the MSM looking at the complexity of the Memory Model) and of LTM (episodic, procedural,
model. semantic). Are able
to process different types of information at the same
time.
, Not all memories remembered by maintenance
rehearsal- flashbulb memory when insignificant
details surrounding highly emotional events
imprinted into LTM. Craick
and Lockhart- memories created by processing
rather than rehearsal. Requires more deep
Evaluate MSM looking at maintenance rehearsal. processing by doing more complicated things with
the item rather than just
repeating it. Craik and Tulving- participants
remembered more words using deep processing
(whether word fitted into a sentence) rather than
shallow processing
(whether words in capital letters).
MSM supporting evidence is using controlled lab
studies like Miller, Sperry etc. Studies also used
brain scanning techniques (Beardsley found
Evaluate MSM using research methods.
hippocampus activated when
LTM engaged). Studies are very scientific and
replicable- findings are more reliable.
Sensory memory lasts only a few milliseconds and
can be echoic (sound), iconic (vision), or haptic
Explain sensory memory. (touch). Sensory register is constantly bombarded
by info and is
relatively unprocessed.
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