Lecture notes
BTEC Applied Science - Unit 8B Coursework
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- PEARSON (PEARSON)
Full, in-depth BTEC Applied Science Unit 8B - Lymphatic System coursework. Achieved full marks and distinction.
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Unit 8B – Due 21st JuneThe lymphatic system is part of the circulatory and immune systems. It consists of a network
of vessels, organs, and tissues that transport a fluid called lymph throughout the body.
Lymph is a pale fluid that circulates throughout the body, playing a crucial role in
maintaining fluid balance and supporting the immune system. The lymphatic system has 3
main functions: It helps maintain fluid balance in the body by collecting excess fluid from the
tissues and returning it to the bloodstream, it helps the body absorb fats and fat-soluble
vitamins from the digestive system and it protects the body from infections and diseases by
producing and releasing immune cells that fight against foreign invaders.
,Cervical lymph nodes are small nodes or glands in the neck. They play a crucial role in the
lymphatic system as they are part of a network of lymphoid tissues and vessels that help
protect the body against infections. They do this by receiving lymph fluid from the head and
neck, which contains immune cells known as lymphocytes, filtering it to remove pathogens
and deliver it to areas where the immune response has been triggered. When an infection
occurs in the head or neck region, lymphocytes within the cervical lymph nodes become
activated. They multiply and mount an immune response to fight off the invading
pathogens. This process helps prevent the infection from spreading further. Enlarged
cervical lymph nodes, also known as swollen glands in the neck, are commonly caused by an
infection in the upper body.
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Palatine tonsils are bundles of lymphatic tissue located in the lateral oropharynx. They
channel fluid through the body and expose it to immune cells and act as the first defence
mechanism, capturing pathogens (like bacteria or viruses) that may enter the body through
the nose or mouth and help stimulate an immune response to fight off infection. Cells in the
tonsils identify invaders and alert the rest of the body to possible infections. However, due
to their immune function, palatine tonsils can become infected (tonsillitis) or enlarged.
Symptoms of tonsillitis include fever, sore throat, pain with swallowing, and swollen, tender
lymph nodes in the neck.
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