This document contains a summary of AC 2.1 for the unit 4 criminology exam. It covers both forms of social control and provides all the necessary content to gain an A.
External forms of
social control
Social control refers to the way in which individuals are discouraged from
committing behaviour that is a crime or deviant.
Forms of social control applied:
Internal forms – often decided by the individual’s character,
background, and individual morals.
External forms – forces or threats placed upon the individual from
external sources to make them compliant with laws.
External
Fear of punishment
Coercion Fear of punishment can be classified as
Control over an individual's behaviour a deterrent to criminal behaviours and
through exerting some kind of external a form of social control.
force.
Individual deterrence is targeted at a
Physical force can be specific individual about the possible
through injury, imprisonment or consequences of future
capital punishment. criminal behaviours.
Psychological force can be through General deterrence is aimed at society
loss of freedom, possible consequences as a whole – for example setting harsh
and threats of future action. sentences for crimes may persuade
individuals to not commit crimes.
Deterrence
Individual – when a punishment is used to deter/prevent a person
from committing a further crime. If sentences are tough enough,
prisoners will not want to return to prison.
General – when a punishment is used to deter/prevent society from
committing further crime. Making an example of 1 person ats as a
deterrent for others to stop them offending.
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